590 



EUPHORBIACEAE 



rounded at base, green above, pale green or purplish brown 

 beneath when dry, the petioles 4-6 mm. long; flowers in 

 fascicles on short slightly supra-axillary peduncles, the pedicels 

 short; sepals of pistillate flowers 5 or 6; capsules depressed- 



globose, 8-12 mm. across, about 6-locular, the style obtusely 

 angled, cylindric. Sept.-Oct. Thickets in lowlands; Kyu- 

 shu (Yakushima and Tanegashima) . Ryukyus, Formosa, 



China, and Indochina. 



4. SECURINEGA Juss. Hitotsuba-hagi Zoku 



Shrubs with alternate, entire, rather small leaves; flowers in axillary fascicles, unisexual, the staminate small, subsessile, the 

 sepals 5, the stamens 5 or fewer, free, the anthers longitudinally dehiscent, the abortive pistils small, these sometimes 2- or 3-fid 

 at the apex; pistillate flowers on distinct pedicels; ovary 3-locuIar, the styles free, the ovules 2 in each locule; capsules sometimes 

 slightly fleshy, 3-valved, the valves bifid. More than 10 species, in temperate and warmer regions. 



1. Securinega suEFruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. var. japonica 

 (Miq.) Hurusawa. S. japonica Miq.; Phyllanthus fluggeo- 

 ides (Muell.-Arg.) Muell.-Arg.; Flueggea japonica (Miq.) Pax 



HiTOTSUBA-HAGi. Dioecious, branching, glabrous shrub 



with slender green branchlets; leaves oblong or elliptic, some- 

 times obovate, 2-4 cm. long, 1.2-2.5 cm. wide, subacute to 

 very obtuse, acute to broadly cuneate at base, entire, green on 

 upper side, whitish beneath, the stipules less than 1 mm. long, 

 deciduous; staminate flowers many, axillary, about 3 mm. 

 across, greenish, on short pedicels 2-3 mm. long; sepals and 

 stamens 5; pistillate flowers few or solitary, axillary, the pedi- 



cels 5-10 mm. long; capsules depressed-globose, about 4 mm. 

 across, green, the styles 3, bifid, the lobes short, flat, broadly 



linear, retuse to obtuse; seeds slightly lustrous. July. 



Thickets and grassy slopes in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu; common. 

 Var. amamiensis Hurusawa. Phyllanthus trigonocladus 



Ohwi Amami-hitotsuba-hagi. Branchlets obtusely but 



distinctly trigonous, slightly thicker; leaves thicker; capsules 



depressed. s. Kyushu (Mageshima near Tanegashima). 



Ryukyus, Formosa. The Typical phase with larger, thinner 

 leaves occurs in Korea, China, and e. Siberia. 



5. PUTRANJIVA Wall. Tsuge-modoki Zoku 



Trees with thick, entire, alternate leaves; flowers axillary, unisexual; sepals 3-6, slightly connate at base, the staminate 

 numerous, on very short pedicels, the stamens 2 or 3 (-6), the filaments free or connate at base, the anthers erect, with distinct, 

 parallel, longitudinally dehiscent locules, the ovary wholly reduced; pistillate flowers ovoid, with 2- or 3-locular ovaries; styles 

 short, spreading, lobed or dentate; ovules 2 in each locule; drupe ovoid or globose, with a single ovoid seed, the endosperm 

 fleshy. Several species in s. Asia. 



1. Putranjiva matsumurae Koidz. P. roxburghii sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Wall.; Drypetes matsumurae (Koidz.) 



Kaneh.; Uodendron matsumurae (Koidz.) H. Keng ■ 



TsuGE-MODOKi. Branches yellowish gray, lenticellate, the 



branchlets puberulous while young, slightly flattened and with 

 raised striations; leaves alternate, in one plane, coriaceous, ob- 

 long or ovate, 5-10 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, short-caudate, 

 obtusely tipped, oblique at base, obtusely and obscurely 

 toothed, soon becoming glabrous, the veinlets reticulate, 



6. ANTIDESMA L. 



raised, the petioles 6-10 mm. long; inflorescence axillary; 

 staminate flowers numerous, in racemes or spikes about 1 cm. 

 long, the stamens 3; pistillate flowers 1 to few, on pedicels 

 6-12 mm. long; sepals 3 or 4, oblong to elliptic, obtuse, about 

 1.5 mm. long; drupes narrowly ovoid-oblong, about 2 cm. 

 long, 1 cm. across, rather densely puberulous, the persistent 



styles 3 or 4, entire, grooved above. Reported to occur in 



Kyushu (Osumi Prov.) . Ryukyus. 



Yama-hihatsu Zoku 



Dioecious trees or shrubs with alternate leaves; inflorescence a raceme or spike, solitary in axils or compound in terminal 

 panicles; flowers and bracts small; sepals 3-5, small; stamens in staminate flowers 2-5, opposite the sepals, the ovary reduced; 

 ovary of the pistillate flowers usually 1-locular, the styles 3, very short, often bifid at apex, the ovules 2 in each locule; drupe 

 small, often oblique, 1-seeded; endosperm fleshy. About 100 species, in the Tropics of Australia, Asia, and Africa. 



1. Antidesma japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. Yama-hihatsu. 

 Glabrous much-branched shrub with slender branches loosely 

 puberulent while young; leaves broadly oblanceolate to nar- 

 rowly obovate, 5-8(-10) cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, acuminate, 

 slightly oblique and acute to obtuse at base, entire, sometimes 

 with scattered minute hairs on the midrib beneath, the lateral 

 nerves 5-7 pairs, arcuate above, the petioles 3-5 mm. long; 



7. ACALYPHA L. 



racemes nearly sessile, 4-6 cm. long, at first puberulent; 

 staminate flowers nearly sessile, about 2 mm. across; sepals 

 3- to 5-lobed, the segments deltoid; stamens 2-5; pistillate 

 flowers on spreading pedicels 2-4 mm. long; drupe obliquely 

 ellipsoidal, red, about 5 mm. long, the persistent styles 3-4, 



short, spreading. Honshu (Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Ryukyus and Formosa. 



Enokigusa Zoku 



Herbs or trees; leaves alternate, serrate, 3-, 5- or penni-nerved; flowers small, unisexual, in spikes, these sometimes com- 

 pounded into panicles, the pistillate on the lower part of the spikes, the bracts often accrescent after anthesis; staminate flowers 

 with the calyx connate in bud, 3-lobed at anthesis, the stamens many, usually 8; calyx of pistillate flowers of 3 or 4 sepals; ovary 

 3-locular; styles free, slender, often lacerate; ovules solitary in each locule; capsules small, the 3 valves bifid; seeds globose, with 

 fleshy endosperm. About 300 species, widespread in the tropics and in warmer regions. 



