592 EUPHORBIACEAE 



11. EUPHORBIA L. Todaigusa Zoku 



Herbs or shrubs of various habit, with milky juice; leaves alternate or the upper opposite or verticillate, entire or lobed; in- 

 florescence a cyathium composed of a cup-shaped glandular or lobed involucre that surrounds a few much-reduced staminate 

 flowers and a central pistillate flower; staminate flowers with a single anther supported by a jointed filament and a linear or 

 subulate sometimes obsolete bracteole; pistillate flowers with a single ovary on an accrescent stipe and sometimes with 3 scale- 

 like perianth segments; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, free or connate at base, entire or bifid above; ovules solitary in each locule; 



capsules 3-valved, dehiscent, the valves bifid, the central column persistent; seeds with endosperm. About 1,600 species, 



chiefly in warmer regions; sometimes split into several smaller genera. 



lA. Glands of involucre with a petallike appendage; leaves opposite, small, the sides unequal; stipules small; seeds without appendage. 



2A. Perennial, glabrous, with thick caudex; stems tufted; leaves entire 1. £. Moto 



2B. Annual, pubescent; stems single, simple or branched from base; leaves toothed. 

 3A. Erect or ascending herb. 

 4A. Capsules glabrous. 



5A. Leaves ovate-oblong, 4-12 mm. wide; cyathium on upper part of the branches 2. E. maculata 



5B. Leaves linear, 4-6 mm. wide; cyathium axillary, with whitish glands 3. E. vachellii 



4B. Capsules pilose t. E. hirta 



3B. Prostrate herbs, much-branched from the base. 



6A. Capsules glabrous 5. E. pseiidochamaesyce 



6B. Capsules pilose 6. E. supina 



IB. Glands of involucre without petallike appendage; leaves alternate except beneath inflorescence, the sides equal; stipules absent; seeds 

 with an appendage or caruncle. 

 7A. Annuals or biennials without rhizomes. 



8A. Glands of involucre entire, transversely elliptic; seeds reticulate 7. E. helioscopia 



83. Glands of involucre lunate; seeds foveolate 8. E. peplus 



7B. Perennials with rhizomes. 

 9A. Glands of involucre entire. 



lOA. Capsules smooth, glabrous; staminate flowers without bracteoles; rhizomes long-creeping 9. E. ebracteolata 



lOB. Capsules verrucose, sometimes long-pilose; staminate flowers with bracteoles at base; rhizomes short. 

 11 A. Involucres with 4 glands. 

 12A. Capsules glabrous, verrucose. 



13A. Leaves acute to obtuse; glands flat; capsules about 3.5 mm. across 10. E. pekfnensis 



13B. Leaves rounded to very obtuse; glands depressed; capsules about 6 mm. across 11. £. jolkinii 



12B. Capsules pilose to subglabrous, obsoletely verrucose 12. E. togak.usensis 



IIB. Involucres with 5 glands; capsules verrucose, glabrous 13. E. adenochlora 



9B. Glands of involucre retuse or with projections on each side. 

 14A. Glands with short obtuse projections on both sides. 



15A. Stems thick, 40-60 cm. long; leaves 5-8 cm. long, green 14. E. sendaica 



15B. Stems slender, 10-30 cm. long; leaves 3-4 cm. long, the upper ones yellowish 15. E. estila 



14B. Glands with long acute projections on both sides 16. E. sieboldiana 



1. Euphorbia atoto Forst. f. Hama-taigeki, Suna-tai- 3. Euphorbia vachellii Hook. & Arn. E. serrulata 

 GEKi. Glabrous perennial with thick roots; stems many Reinw., non Thuill.; Chamaesyce vachellii (Hook. & Am.) 



from the stout caudex, much branched, with thickened nodes; Hara Miyakojima-nishiki-so, Awaybki-nishiki-so. Gla- 



leaves thick, ovate-oblong or narrowly ovate, 2-3 cm. long, brous annual; stems erect, branched from base, 30-50 cm. long; 



1-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse to mucronate, obliquely rounded to leaves broadly linear or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 4-6 



shallowly cordate at base, entire; cyathia in terminal and dense mm. wide, obmse to subacute, obliquely rounded at base, 



axillary cymes, the glands transversely oblong; capsules about toothed, the midrib prominently raised beneath, impressed 



3 mm. across, smooth, glabrous; seeds smooth, tetrahedral- above, the lateral nerves pinnate, inconspicuous; cymes axillary, 



ellipsoidal, about 1.3 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. Grassy slopes dense, the cyathia glabrous, the glands white, semirounded; 



near seashores; Kyushu (Yakushima and Tanegashima) . capsules glabrous, smooth, slighdy less than 2 mm. across, ob- 



Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, India, Malaysia, and Pacific Isls. tusely angled, the styles short, erect; seeds obovoid, about 1 



2. Euphorbia maculata L. B. hypericifolia sensu auct. mm. long, obtusely 3-ridged, with about 3 transverse wavy 



Japon., non L.; Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small; C. hyssopi- lines. July-Oct. Waste grounds and cultivated fields in 



folia sensu auct. Japon., non Small 0-nishiki-s6. Erect lowlands; Kyushu (Tanegashima). Ryukyus, Formosa, s. 



annual; stems 40-60 cm. long, terete, branched and short- China, and Malaysia. 



puberulent, on one side in upper part; leaves rather thin, 4. Euphorbia hirta L. Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp.; 



ovate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 1-3 cm. long, 3(-5)-nerved, E. pilulijcra sensu auct., non L.; E. pilulifera var. hirta (L.) 



obtuse, obliquely rounded at base, toothed, sparsely long-pilose Thell. Shima-nishiki-s6, Taiwan-nishiki-so. Ascending 



beneath; cyathia few on the upper part of the branchlets, the or erect annual; stems often branched from base, 20-40 cm. 



glands transversely elliptic; capsules smooth, glabrous, about long, puberulent and pilose with multicellular spreading hairs; 



1.7 mm. across, trigonous; seeds tetrahedral-ovoid, 1-1.2 leaves narrowly ovate-triangular, oblong-ovate or narrowly 



mm. long, dark brown, with 2 or 3 transverse wavy lines. ovate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide, subacute, obliquely 



Aug.-Sept. Naturalized in lowlands; Honshu. N. Amer- cuneate to rounded at base, obtusely serrulate, 3- or 4-nerved, 



ica; naturalized in Europe. loosely short-pilose on upper side, yellowish, puberulent and 



