EUPHORBIACEAE 



593 



pilose beneath; cymes dense, axillary, the cyathia many, the 

 glands transversely elliptic; capsules trigonous, 1.3 mm. across, 

 short-puberulent; seeds 0.7-0.8 mm. long, ovoid, 3-ridged, with 



transverse wavy lines on the face. Aug.-Oct. Waste places 



and cultivated fields in lowlands; Honshu (Kinki Distr. and 



westNv.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and 



the Tropics and subtropics generally. 



5. Euphorbia pseudochamaesyce Fisch., Mey., & Lal- 

 !em. E. hitmifusa sensu auct., non Willd.; Chamaesyce htimi- 

 fusa sensu auct. Japon., non Prokhan.; C. pseudochamaesyce 

 (Fisch., Mey., & Lallem.) Komar.; E. thymijolia sensu Thunb., 

 non L. NisHiKi-s6. Procumbent, diffuse, branched, deli- 

 cate annual 10-30 cm. long, usually slightly white-pubescent; 

 leaves obliquely oblong or obovate-oblong, 7-15 mm. long, 3-7 

 mm. wide, rounded at apex, obliquely rounded at base, ser- 

 rulate; cymes terminal or axillary, often leafy, the cyathia few, 

 the glands transversely elliptic; capsules glabrous, about 1.3 

 mm. across, trigonous, smooth; seeds grayish brown, ovoid, 



0.7 mm. long, smooth. July-Nov. Waste grounds and 



fields in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Ryukyus, China, Korea, Manchuria, and temperate Asia. 



6. Euphorbia supina Raf. Chamaesyce supina (Raf.) 

 Moldenke; E. littoralis Raf.; E. maculata sensu auct., non L. 



Ko-NisHiKi-s6. Procumbent, diffuse, pubescent annual 



10-30 cm. long, much branched from the base; leaves oblong, 

 elliptic or obovate-oblong, 7-10 mm. long, 2.5-4.5 mm. wide, 

 nearly rounded to obtuse, obliquely rounded at base, serrulate, 

 usually with a reddish brown spot in the center; cymes axil- 

 lary, dense, the cyathia few, short-pilose; capsules puberulous, 

 exserted, about 1.8 mm. across, obtusely angled; seeds tetra- 

 hedral-ellipsoidal, about 0.6 mm. long, with 3 ridges and a few 



transverse wavy lines on the face. July-Nov. Waste 



grounds and cultivated fields in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. N. America. 



7. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Tithymalus helioscopius 



(L.) Hill; Galarhoeus helioscopius (L.) Haw. Todaigusa. 



Green biennial; stems sparsely branched at base, sparsely pu- 

 bescent in upper part; leaves spathulate-obovate to obovate- 

 cuneate, 1-3 cm. long, 6-20 mm. wide, rounded at apex, ob- 

 tusely serrulate, green, the upper leaves similar, relatively 

 large, the involucral leaves obovate or broadly so, reladvely 

 small, green; cyathia many, dense, the glands transversely 

 elliptic, about 1 mm. long, yellowish green; capsules smooth, 

 about 3 mm. across; seeds obovoid, brown, with raised reticula- 

 tions, about 1.8 mm. across. Apr. Waste grounds and 



riverbanks, somedmes cultivated fields in lowlands; Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Warmer regions of Eurasia. 



8. Euphorbia peplus L. Chabo-taigeki. Slender, 

 glabrous biennial with fibrous roots; stems 10-20 cm. long, 

 sometimes branched at base; leaves rather loose, thin, broadly 

 ovate to elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, obtuse, nar- 

 rowed below to a petiolelike base, entire, green, the midrib 

 slender, the upper (verticillate) leaves similar and slightly 

 larger, the involucral leaves broadly ovate, 1-1.2 cm. long; 

 cyathia pale yellow, the gland lunate, about 1 mm. wide; 

 capsules about 2 mm. across, smooth, 3-angled; seeds about 



1.5 mm. long, impressed-punctate. May. Naturalized; 



Kyushu (Nagasaki). s. Europe and the Mediterranean 



region. 



9. Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata. Galarhoeus cbracte- 

 olatus (Hayata) Hara; Tithymalus ebracteolaUis (Hayata) 

 Hara Marumi-nourushi. Stems erect, thick, terete, 40- 



50 cm. long, the upper portions sparsely white-pubescent; 

 leaves rather numerous, soft, broadly oblanceolate or obovate- 

 oblong, 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded, 

 gradually narrowed toward the base, entire, the midrib thick 

 and slightly raised, sparsely white-pubescent beneath, the 

 lateral nerves slender, the verticillate leaves similar but slightly 

 shorter and broader, often dilated at base, the involucral 

 leaves deltoid to ovate-deltoid, 2-3 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, 

 obtuse, usually truncate at base; inflorescence rather loose, the 

 glands of the involucres rounded-cordate, dark brown, about 

 2.5 mm. wide, the filaments much exserted; capsules smooth; 

 styles slender about 3 mm. long, retuse, connate nearly to the 



middle. Apr. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, and (?) 



Kyushu. 



10. Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. Galarhoeus pe\inensis 

 (Rupr.) Hara; Tithymalus pekinensis (Rupr.) Hara; E. lasio- 

 caula Boiss.; E. onoei Fr. & Sav.; E. pekinensis var. japonensis 

 Makino; E. pekinensis var. onoei (Fr. & Sav.) Makino; G. 

 lasiocaulus (Boiss.) Hurusawa; E. watanahei Makino; G. 

 watanabei (Makino) Hara; G. lasiocaulus var. tvatanabei (Ma- 

 kino) Hurusawa Taka-todai, Ibuki-taigeki, Fuji-taigeki. 



Stems erect from thick caudex, terete, often branched at base, 

 20-80 cm. long, usually white-pubescent with long curved 

 hairs; leaves many, lanceolate to oblong, 2.5-8 cm. long, 6-12 

 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute, narrowed gradually toward the 

 base, minutely toothed or nearly entire, deep green, glabrous, 

 the involucral leaves broadly ovate, triangular-ovate, or ovate- 

 orbicular, 5-12 mm. long; inflorescence loose or rather dense, 

 the glands of the involucres oblong, dark brown or dark pur- 

 ple, about 1.5 mm. across; capsules about 3.5 mm. across, with 

 3 or 6 longitudinal series of tubercles; seeds broadly ellipsoidal, 



smooth, about 1.8 mm. long. June-July. Grassy places in 



lowlands and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; com- 

 mon and variable. Korea, China, and Manchuria. 



11. Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. Galarhoeus ]ol\inii 



(Boiss.) Hara; Tithymalus jolkinii (Boiss.) Hara Iwa-tai- 



GEKi. Glabrous perennial; stems erect, thick, terete, 40-80 

 cm. long, often branched at base; leaves numerous, radier 

 dense, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, 8-12 

 mm. wide, rounded to very obtuse at apex, entire and gradu- 

 ally narrowed toward the base, green, the midrib prominendy 

 raised beneath, the verticillate leaves similar, the involucral 

 leaves oblong or elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, yellow- 

 ish; glands of involucres transversely flabellate-elliptic, yellow- 

 ish, depressed; capsules densely tuberculate, about 6 mm. across; 



seeds subglobose, about 3 mm. long, smooth. Apr.-May. 



Rocky places near seashores; Honshu (Awa Prov. and westw.), 

 Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea, Ryukyus, and Formosa. 



12. Euphorbia togakusensis Hayata. Galarhoeus toga- 

 kusensis (Hayata) Hara; Tithymalus togakusensis (Hayata) 



Hara Hakusan-taigeki, Miyama-nourushi. Stems erect, 



few, from a short-creeping rhizome, 40-80 cm. long, glabrous; 

 leaves rather many, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5-7 

 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse or subacute, entire, glabrous, 

 the midrib rather thick, slightly raised beneath, the verticillate 

 leaves yellowish, rounded-ovate, 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence 

 rather loose, the glands of the involucres transversely reniform- 

 ellipric, brown, about 2 mm. wide; capsules about 5 mm. 

 across, obsoletely verrucose, pilose to subglabrous; seeds sub- 

 globose, about 2.5 mm. long, smooth. June-July. High 



mountains; Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



