594 



Euphorbiaceae; Callitrichaceae 



13. Euphorbia adenochlora Morr. & Decne. Gala- 

 rhoeus adcnochlorus (Morr. & Decne.) Hara; Tithymalus ade- 

 nochlorus (Morr. & Decne.) Hara; E. palustris sensu auct. 

 Japon., non L.; E. rochebrunii Fr. & Sav.; E. japonica Boiss. 



NouRUSHi. Stems thick, terete, erect, 40-50 cm. long, 



often with loosely scattered long white hairs on upper part; 

 leaves soft, broadly oblanceolate to oblong, 5-8 cm. long, 1-2 

 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded, entire, the midrib thick and 

 slighdy raised beneath, the lateral nerves slender, the verticil- 

 late leaves similar but shorter, the involucral leaves rounded to 

 broadly ovate, 7-20 inm. long, rounded; inflorescence rather 

 dense, yellowish, the glands of involucres reniform, about 2 

 mm. wide, yellowish; capsules about 6 mm. across, verrucose; 



seeds subglobose, smooth, about 3 mm. long. Apr.-May. 



Grassy places near rivers in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Kyushu; common. 



14. Euphorbia sendaica Makino. Galarhoeus sendaicus 



(Makino) Hara; Tithymalus sendaicus (Makino) Hara • 



Sendai-taigeki. Rhizomes slender, long-creeping; stems 



erect, about 40 cm. long, glabrous; leaves rather loose, lanceo- 

 late or oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse, 

 glabrous, the midrib rather thick and slightly raised beneath, 

 the verticillate leaves rather small, the involucral leaves orbicu- 

 lar- or cordate-triangular, 6-15 mm. long, truncate at base; in- 

 florescence loose, the glands of the involucres lunate-reniform, 

 both ends extended and obtuse, about 2.5 mm. wide; capsules 

 smooth. ^May. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and northw.) ; rare. 



15. Euphorbia esula L. Galarhoeus esula (L.) Rydb.; 

 B. na\aiana Lev.; G. na\aii Hurusawa; Tithymalus na\aianus 



(Lev.) Hara. Hagiku-so. Roots rather thick, elongate; 



stems glabrous, erect, 15-30 cm. long, terete, rather slender; 

 leaves rather numerous, densely arranged, oblanceolate to 



linear-oblanceolate, sometimes spathulate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 

 (-7) mm. wide, rounded or very obtuse, glabrous, entire, the 

 upper leaves of sterile stems fasciculate, the verticillate leaves 

 oblong, elliptic or ovate, rather short, broad, the involucral 

 leaves yellow, cordate to reniform, 5-10 mm. long, 7-15 mm. 

 wide, truncate at base; inflorescence rather dense, the glands of 

 the involucres reniform, both ends slightly extended and ob- 

 tuse; capsules 3-3.5 mm. across, smooth; styles short; seeds 



L7 mm. long, ovoid. Apr.-May. Near seashores; Honshu 



(Tokaido), Kyushu. ^Korea, Manchuria, Amur, Siberia, 



and Europe. 



16. Euphorbia sieboldiana Morr. & Decne. E. guiliel- 

 m.ii A. Gray; E. taquetii Lev. & Van't; Galarhoeus sieboldianus 

 (Morr. & Decne.) Hara; E. tsu\amotoi Honda; Tithymalus 

 sieboldianus (Morr. & Decne.) Hara; E. tsu\amotoi Honda; 

 T. sieboldianus (Morr. & Decne.) Hara Natsu-todai. Gla- 

 brous perennial with slender, creeping rhizomes; stems erect, 

 20^0 cm. long; leaves rather loosely arranged, soft, narrowly 

 oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 7-20 mm. wide, 

 obtuse to very obtuse, gradually narrowed toward base, entire, 

 the midrib slender and slightly raised beneath, the lateral 

 nerves very slender, the verticillate leaves similar but slightly 

 larger, the involucral leaves green, deltoid-ovate to ovate, 

 sometimes deltoid, 1-4 cm. long, 8-25 mm. wide, obtuse to 

 acute; inflorescence loose, the glands of involucres reniform, 

 with an outward pointing caudate projection at each end, 

 dark brown or dark purple, about 3 mm. wide; capsules about 

 3 mm. across, smooth; seeds broadly ovoid, about 2.3 mm. 



long, smooth. Apr.-July. Grassy places and thickets in 



lowlands and mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; very variable and rather common. s. Sakhalin, s. Ku- 



riles, Korea, and Manchuria. 



Fam. 115. CALLITRICHACEAE Awagoke Ka Water Starwort Family 



Soft, delicate herbs of wet places or aquatic; leaves opposite, linear to obovate, entire, without stipules; flowers unisexual, small, 

 axillary, solitary or one of each sex in pairs; calyx and petals none; stamen 1 widi 2 bracteoles, the filament long and slender, the 

 anthers 2-locular; ovary sessile, 4-lobed, 4-locular; styles 2, elongate, free; ovules solitary in each locule, pendulous from the top 

 of the locule; fruit small, 4-lobed, the lobes with acute or winged margins; seeds with a membranous testa, the endosperm fleshy, 

 the embryo cylindric, terete, erect. A single genus. 



1. CALLITRICHE L. Awagoke Zoku 

 Characters of the family. About 30 species, in wet places or aquatic; of worldwide distribution. 



lA. Leaves obovate, small; fruit cordate-orbicular, retuse; styles very short, rather persistent, reflexed, not exceeding the sinus of the fruit; 



filaments much shorter than the fruit, slightly longer than the style 1 . C. -japonica 



IB. Leaves often dimorphic, spathulate-obovate or obovate in the aerial, linear in immersed ones; fruit elliptic, scarcely retuse; styles 



slender and erect, as long as the fruit; filaments slightly longer than the fruit 2. C. verna 



1. CaUitriche japonica Engelm. Awagoke. Glabrous 

 annual; stems procumbent and diffuse, branched from the 

 base, 1-4 cm. long, slender, densely leafy; leaves obovate or 

 ovate-orbicular, 3-6 mm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, rounded to ob- 

 tuse, abrupdy narrowed to a petiolelike base, entire, slenderly 

 3-nerved; filament about 0.3 mm. long, the anthers yellowish, 

 minute; fruit brown, orbicular-cordate, retuse, less than 1 mm. 

 long, wing-margined, the styles 2, slender, reflexed. ^May- 

 June. Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. Korea, Ryukyus, and Formosa. 



2. CaUib-iche verna L. C. jallax Petrov.; C. palustris L., 

 pro parte; C stagnalis sensu auct. Japon., non Scop.; C. elegans 

 Petrov. Mizu-HAKOBE. Annual, often growing in stag- 

 nant water; stems slender, often much elongate and loosely 



leaved; immersed leaves linear, 7-15 mm. long, 1-1.5 mm. 

 wide, truncate to emarginate, Lnerved, the floating or aerial 

 leaves spathulate-obovate or obovate, sometimes oblong, 6-12 

 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, rounded to emarginate, cuneate or 

 gradually narrowed to the base, 3-nerved; filament very slen- 

 der, 2-3 mm. long, the anthers cordate, yellowish; fruit elliptic 

 to obovate-elliptic, less than 1 mm. long, scarcely emarginate, 

 very weakly winged on margins, the styles erect, very slender, 

 deciduous, as long as or slightly longer than the fruit; bracte- 

 oles white, 1/2-2/3 as long as the fruit. May-Nov. Ditches 



and paddy fields in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu; common. Korea, Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka. 



New Guinea, and widely distributed in the N. Hemisphere. 



