Rhamnaceae 



615 



puberulous petioles, obtuse to rounded at both ends, obtusely 

 serrulate, pale green beneath, soft-pubescent especially on 

 nerves beneath when young, 3-nerved, the secondary nerves 

 slender and ascending; cymes axillary, on the upper part of the 

 branchlets, short-peduncled, densely brownish pubescent; 

 flowers few, about 5 mm. across, pale green; calyx-lobes del- 



toid; petals broadly ovate, shorter than the sepals, less than I 

 mm. long; fruit suborbicular, with a 3-lobed, dentate, broad 

 wing at the margin of the broadly truncate apex, soft brown- 

 ish puberulent. Aug.-Sept. Near seashores; Honshu (T6- 



kaido Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, and China. 



2. ZIZYPHUS Mill. 



Natsume Zoku 



Deciduous or evergreen shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, short-pedolate, entire or serrulate, 3- to 5-nerved from the base, the 

 stipules usually spinelike; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, usually yellow, small, in axillary cymes; ovary 2- to 4-locular; styles 



simple, 2-parted at tip; fruit a fleshy drupe, nearly globose to oblong. About 40 species, in tropical and warmer regions of both 



hemispheres. 



1. Zizyphus jujuba Mill. Rhamnus zizyphus L.; Z. sa- 

 tii'a Gaertn.; Z. vulgaris Lam.; Z. vulgaris var. spinosus Bunge 

 Sanebuto-natsume. Small deciduous tree or shrub, gla- 

 brous except sometimes thinly pubescent on the tips of the 

 young branchlets and on the nerves of the leaves beneath, the 

 branchlets often fascicled and partly deciduous in autumn; 

 leaves ovate, 2.5-4 cm. long inclusive of the short petioles, 

 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse to subacute, rounded at base, obtusely 

 serrulate, lustrous, the stipules often spinelike; cymes small, 



about 10-flowered, axillary and terminal; flowers pale green, 

 5-6 mm. across; calyx-lobes acute; petals small and recurved 

 at tip; drupe ellipsoidal to globose, 1.5-2.5 cm. in diameter, 



glabrous, lustrous, smooth, dark reddish brown. Apr.-May. 



Spontaneous in se. Europe, s. Asia; often cultivated and semi- 

 naturalized in our area. 



Var. inermis (Bunge) Rehd. Z. vulgaris var. inermis 

 Bunge. Natsume. Spineless cultivated phase. 



3. BERCHEMIA Neck. 



KUMA-YANAGI ZoKU 



Scandent or suberect, deciduous shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or nearly so, penninerved, with arcuate parallel lateral 

 nerves, the stipules not spinelike, slender, connate; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, greenish yellow, small, in terminal panicles or 

 racemes, or sometimes in axillary cymes; calyx-lobes deltoid, erect; petals small; ovary 2-locular; style bifid; fruit an ellipsoidal or 

 short-cylindric smooth drupe with a 2-locular stone. About 10 species, in Asia, e. Africa, and N. America. 



lA. Scandent or bushy shrubs with smooth greenish branches; stipules connate almost to the apex. 

 2A. Racemes simple or with few branches at base. 



3A. Inflorescence 1-2.5 cm. long, simple; leaves 2,5-4 cm. long I. B. pauciflora 



3B. Inflorescence 5-8 cm. long, simple or with few branches at base; leaves 5-10 cm. long 2. B. longeratemosa 



2B. Racemes many, spreading, in a terminal panicle 3. B. racemosa 



IB. Erect tree with a main stem; branches reddish brown, with scattered raised lenticcls; stipules free 4. B. berchemiaejolia 



1. Berchemia pauciflora Maxim. Miyama-kuma- Subscandent, glabrous shrub; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4-6 

 YAN.\ci. Slightly scandent shrub elongate and much-branched, cm. long, 2.5-3 cm. wide, acute to subobtuse, rounded at base, 

 glabrous, green, becoming yellowish brown with age; leaves glabrous and deep green on upper side, whitish or yellowish 

 membranous, ovate or elliptic, 2.5-4 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. and glabrous except for axillary tufts or hairs beneath, die lat- 

 wide, very obtuse at both ends or rounded at base, entire, gla- eral nerves 7-8 pairs, the petioles 1-1.5 cm. long, reddish, gla- 

 brous and deep green on upper side, often yellowish and nearly brous; racemes many, spreading, many-flowered, glabrous, in 

 glabrous except for yellowish brown thin pubescence on the terminal panicles 10-25 cm. long, die pedicels 2-3 mm. long; 

 nerves and with axillary tufts of hairs beneath, the petioles flowers greenish; calyx-lobes deltoid, acuminate; fruit oblong, 



5-10 mm. long, sparsely short-pubescent near point of attach- 5-7 mm. long, reddish, black at maturity. Aug. Thickets 



ment; racemes 1-2.5 cm. long, about 10-flowered, glabrous, in low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; com- 



the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers about 3 mm. across; calyx- mon. 



lobes deltoid, rather obtuse; fruit narrowly oblong, 7-8 mm. Var. magna Makino. B. magna (Makino) Koidz. O- 



long. Aug. Mountains; Honshu (Kanto Distr., Kai and kuma-yanagi. Leaves large, 5-10 cm. long; calyx-lobes 



s. Shinano Prov.) ; rare. shorter, acute. Mountains; Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. 



2. Berchemia longeracemosa Okuyama. Ho-naga- Forma pubescens (Ohwi) Nemoto. B. magna var. 



KUMA-YANAGI. Shrub with green glabrous branches; leaves pubescens Ohwi; B. jagijolia Koidz. Ke-kuma-yanagi. 



membranous, ovate to broadly so, sometimes elliptic, 5-10 cm. Leaves with scattered pubescence beneath. Honshu (Kinki 



long, 3.5-6 cm. wide, very obtuse or subrounded at both ends, Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



entire, glabrous on upper side, yellowish and with axillary 4. Berchemia berchemiaefolia (Makino) Koidz. 



tufts of hairs beneath, the lateral nerves 7-11 pairs, the petioles Rhamnella berchemiaefolia Makino; Chaydaia bcrchcmiaejolia 



8-20 mm. long, glabrous; racemes terminal, simple or often (Makino) Koidz.; Berc/iemiella berc/iemiacfolia (Makino) Na- 



with a few branches at base, densely many-flowered, glabrous, kai Yokogura-no-ki. Small tree with glabrous, reddish 



5-8 cm. long, erect, the pedicels 3-4 mm. long; calyx-lobes brown branches and scattered lenticels; leaves membranous, ob- 



deltoid, rather acute. July-Aug. Mountains bordering long or ovate-oblong, 7-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate, 



Japan Sea side of Honshu from Uzen to Tajima Prov. acute to rounded and sometimes slightly oblique at base, entire 



3. Berchemia racemosa Sieb. & Zucc. Kum/v-yanagi. or obsoletely undulate, glabrous on upper side, glaucous, thinly 



