Rhamnaceae 



617 



lobes elongate-deltoid, acute; drupe globose-obovoid, 6-8 mm. 



across, glabrous, black, the stones 2 or 3, sometimes 1. Apr. 



-May. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



TTie leaves are very variable in shape and in pubescence. 



2. Rhamnus yoshinoi Makino. R. schneideri Lev. & 



Van't. Ao-UME-MODOKi, Kibino-kuro-ume-modoki. Erect, 



divaricately branched dioecious shrub with branchlets often 

 reduced to spines, the branches and branchlets purplish brown; 

 leaves alternate or fasciculate on short spurs, obovate or ob- 

 ovate-elliptic, 3-8 cm. long, 1—4 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, 

 cuneate at base, serrulate, appressed-puberulent on upper side 

 when young, sparingly pubescent beneath especially on nerves, 

 the petioles 5-20 mm. long, usually pubescent; pedicels 1-1.5 

 cm. long, fasciculate; flowers yellowish green, 5-6 mm. long; 

 caly.x-lobes 4, erect, acuminate; stamens 4, about 2/3 as long as 

 the calyx-lobes; fruit obovoid-globose, glabrous, about 7 mm. 



across, with 2 or 3 stones. May. Honshu (Chijgoku 



Distr.), Kyushu. Korea and Manchuria. 



3. Rhamnus davurica Pall. var. nipponica Makino. R. 

 nipponica (Makino) Grubov. Kuro-tsubar.-\. Large, gla- 

 brous or nearly glabrous, deciduous, dioecious shrub; leaves 

 narrowly oblong or often broadly obovate in the smaller ones, 

 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, acuminate with an obtuse tip or 

 sometimes rounded at ape.\, cuneate at base in smaller ones, ob- 

 tusely serrulate, the lateral nerves 4- or 5-pairs, suberect, form- 

 ing an acute angle with the midrib, incurved at tip, the petioles 

 1-2 cm. long; flowers small, few in the lower axils of the 

 branchlets, glabrous, yellowish green, 4-5 mm. across, the pedi- 

 cels about 1 cm. long; calyx-lobes elongate-deltoid, acute; 

 fruit obovate-globose, 6-8 mm. across, black, usually with 2 



stones. May. Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). The 



typical phase with broader leaves occurs in Dahuria, n. China, 

 Manchuria, and Korea. 



4. Rhamnus utilis Decne. R. sieboldiana Makino 



Shiiboruto-no-ki, Siebold-no-ki. Small deciduous tree with 

 glabrous branches, the short-spurs reduced to spines; leaves 

 membranous, obovate-elliptic, 5-20 cm. long, 2.5-7 cm. wide, 

 abruptly acute with an obtuse tip, acute to cuneate at base, 

 obtusely serrulate, sometimes subentire, with scattered yellow- 

 ish hairs beneath especially on nerves, the petioles 1-2 cm. 

 long; flowers about 3.5 mm. across, the pedicels about 1 cm. 

 long; fruit obovoid-globose. May. Kyushu (near Naga- 

 saki); rare. China. 



5. Rhamnus costata Maxim. Kuro-kamba. Decidu- 

 ous unarmed shrub, black when dried, with fulvous glabrous 

 branches; leaves thinly membranous, obovate-oblong to obo- 



vate, slightly oblique, 8-15 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, abruptly 

 acute to acuminate, broadly short-cuneate or obtuse at base, 

 obtusely serrulate, densely yellowish-brown pubescent beneath 

 especially on nerves, the lateral nerves 17-23 pairs, ascending, 

 rather closely parallel, scarcely to slightly incurved at tip, the 

 petioles 3-6 mm. long; flowers few, in fascicles on the lower 

 part of young branchlets, yellowish green, about 5 mm. across, 

 the pedicels slender, 2-^ cm. long; calyx-lobes deltoid-lanceo- 

 late, acute, 2.5-3 mm. long; fruit globose-obovoid, 7-8 mm. 



across, black, with 2 stones. May-June. Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu; rather rare in mountains. Forma nambuana 



(Honda) Hara. R. costata var. nambuana Honda Nambu- 



kuro-kamba. Glabrescent. Occurs widi the typical phase. 



6. Rhamnus ishidae Miyabe & Kudo. Miyama-han- 

 MODOKi. Small, deciduous, unarmed, dioecious shrub with 

 creeping grayish brown branches and rather thick, green, 

 thinly and minutely hairy branchlets; leaves elliptic, broadly 

 ovate, or obovate-elliptic, 4-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, obtuse 

 to rather abruptly acute, rounded to subcordate at base, ob- 

 tusely serrulate except near the base, glabrate on upper side, 

 sometimes pubescent especially on nerves beneath, the lateral 

 nerves 8-12 pairs, ascending, nearly parallel and incurved at 

 tip, the petioles 5-6 mm. long; pistillate flowers green, solitary 

 in the axils of the branchlets, the pedicels 5-8 mm. long, gla- 

 brous; calyx-lobes 5, ovate-deltoid, acuminate, 3-nerved; fruit 

 globose, 7-8 mm. across, red, becoming black at maturity, 



with 3 stones. Alpine regions; Hokkaido (Mount Yubari 



and Mount Apoi) ; rare. 



7. Rhamnus crenata Sieb. & Zucc. Frangula crenata 



(Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Iso-no-ki. Deciduous shrub with 



glabrous branches sparsely soft-puberulent when young; leaves 

 obovate to oblong, 6-12 cm. long, 2.5-5.5 cm. wide, abruptly 

 acuminate, rounded to obtuse at base, serrulate, pale green 

 with raised veinlets and nerves beneath, the lateral nerves 6-10 

 pairs, ascending, inwardly curving near the margin, the peti- 

 oles 8-15 mm. long, sparsely short-pubescent; cymes axillary, 

 pilose, few-flowered, on short peduncles to 7 mm. long or 

 sessile, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; flowers about 5 mm. across; 

 calyx-lobes narrowly deltoid, acute; fruit globose-obovoid, red- 

 dish purple at first, black at maturity, about 6 mm. across, with 



3 stones. June-July. Wet places in mountains and hills; 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and China. 



Var. yakushimensis Makino. R. crenata var. acuminati- 



folia (Hayata) Hatusima; R. acuminatifolia Hayata Ho- 



soba-iso-no-ki. Leaves narrow. Kyushu. Formosa. 



7. HOVENIA Thunb. Kempo-nashi Zoku 



Large deciduous trees without spines; leaves alternate, long-petiolate, 3-nerved from the base, ovate-orbicular, the stipules free, 

 linear-lanceolate, caducous; flowers bisexual, 5-merous, purplish, small, in axillary and terminal cymes, the peduncles becom- 

 ing fleshy in fruit; petals convolute and enclosing the stamens; disc hairy; style 3-lobcd; fruit indehiscent, 3-locular, with a 

 coriaceous exocarp, 3-seeded; seeds flat, lustrous, brown. Few species in e. Asia. 



lA. Fruit glabrous; leaves deep brown when dry, usually glabrous, with obtuse, obliquely triangular teeth; inflorescence glabrous. 



1 . H. diilcis 

 IB. Fruit brown-pubescent; leaves dark reddish brown when dry, usually pubescent beneath, with appressed partly obsolete teeth; in- 

 florescence pubescent 2. H. tomcntella 



1. Hovenia dulcis Thunb. H. dulcis var. glabra Mak\no lowly cordate at base, with obliquely triangular obtuse teeth, 



KENrpo-NASHi. Tall, almost glabrous tree with lenticel- green and glabrous on upper side, pale green and glabrous to 



late branches; leaves rather membranous, broadly ovate, 8-15 thinly pubescent on nerves beneath, becoming deep brown 



cm. long, 6-12 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rounded to shal- when dry, 3-nerved from the base, the lateral nerves close to 



