ViOLACEAE 



635 



40A. Spur 10-15 mm. long, as long as or longer than the lip 32. V. rostrala var. japonka 



40B. Spur 4-5 mm. long, straight, much shorter than the lip. 



41A. Flowers pale violet, not fragrant; peduncles usually glabrous. 



42A. Rhizomes woody, elongate; leaves orbicular-cordate to deltoid-cordate, thick, lustrous above, with raised vein- 

 lets above when dry 36. V. jaurieana 



42B. Rhizomes soft and very short, whitish; leaves herbaceous. 



43A. Leaves cordate to reniform 37. V. grypoccras 



43B. Leaves cordate to reniform in the radical, ovate to narrowly deltoid-ovate in the upper cauline. 



39. V. ovaio-oblonga 



41B. Flowers purple, with a white center, fragrant; peduncles usually puberulous 38. V. obtusa 



36B. Stipules entire or with few indistinct teeth; leaves green when drj'. 



44A. Leaves 4-7 cm. wide; stems subercct; rhizomes creeping, thick, densely noded; flowers violet, 15-20 mm. across. 

 45A. Chasmogamic flowers always radical and usually sterile; fertile cleistogamous flowers cauline. 



40. V. mirabilis var. subglabra 



45B. Chasmogamic and cleistogamic flowers cauline 41. V. langsdorffii 



44B. Leaves smaller, 2-3.5 cm. wide; stems decumbent or creeping; rhizomes very short or absent; flowers white with purple 



striations on the lip, 6-8 mm. across 42. V. verecunda 



IB. Flowers yellow. 

 46A. Petals glabrous; leaves reniform or reniform-cordate, leaf-blades 1-2 cm. long. 



47A. Leaves thin, soft, usually sparingly pilose at least in part; wet or moist places in high mountains 43. F. biflora 



47B. Leaves thick, firm, usually quite glabrous; gravelly places in alpine regions 44. V. crassa 



46B. Lateral petals bearded inside; leaves ovate-cordate to depressed-cordate, leaf-blades 2.5-8 cm. long. 



48A. Leaves reniform, 2-3 cm. long, rounded to broadly retuse, incised-toothed; styles glabrous 45. V. alliariaejolia 



48B. Leaves cordate or ovate, 3-8 cm. long, with a more or less extended apex; styles bearded on each side at apex. 

 49A. Rhizomes creeping, often elongate; appendage of sepals semirounded. 



50A. Stems terete, glabrous; stem-leaves cordate to narrowly ovate, acuminate 46. K. brevistipulata 



50B. Stems 4-angular, densely puberulous; stem-leaves thicker in texture, cordate with an obtuse or acute apex. . . 47. V . yubariana 

 493. Rhizomes short, usually erect; appendage of sepals ovate 48. V. orientalis 



1. Viola dissecta Ledeb. var. sieboldiana (Ma.xim.) Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria. The typical phase occurs in e. 



Nakai. V. pinnata L. var. sieboldiana lAAxim.; V. sieboldiana Siberia. 



(Maxim.) Makino; V. chaerophylloides var. sieboldiana 2. Viola collina Bess. V. hirta var. collina (Bess.) 



(Maxim.) Makino; V. albida var. chaerophylloides forma Kegel; V. teshioensis Miyabe & Tatew. Maruba-ke-sumire. 



sieboldiana (Maxim.) F. Maekawa; V . chaerophylloides sensu Densely spreading-pilose on leaves, petioles and peduncles; 



Ohwi, pro parte, non W. Becker. Higo-sumire. Rhi- rhizomes thick, creeping, densely noded; stolons nearly absent; 



zomes short; leaf-blades green, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and as wide leaf-blades ovate-cordate or subcordate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-3 

 (vernal), to 3 cm. long, 3-4 cm. wide (summer), palmately cm. wide (vernal), to 6 cm. long and as wide in summer, 

 5-nate, the lobes linear with few incisions, pinnately parted or subacute with an obtuse tip, short-tootlied, tlie petioles at 

 divided, glabrous or short-pilose on upper surface and on anthesis 3-10 cm. long, at fruiting ume to 20 cm. long, some- 

 margin, rarely also on nerves beneath, the petioles 4-12 cm. times slightly wing-margined; peduncles 4-6 cm. long, much 

 long, 2 or 3 times as long as the blades, the stipules broadly shorter than the petioles in fruit, loosely pilose; flowers pale 

 linear, adnate to the petiole; peduncles 5 — 12 cm. long; flowers purple; sepals narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate, 5-6 mm. 

 slighdy fragrant, white with purple striations; sepals lanceo- long, obtuse, ciliolate, appendages semirounded, short; petals 

 late, 5-8 mm. long, subobtuse, the appendage ovate, or 4- 10-12 mm. long, the lateral ones sparingly bearded, the spur 

 angled and bifid, acutely few-toothed; petals 10-12 mm. long, 3-4 mm. long, ellipsoidal; capsules subglobose, 6-8 mm. long, 



the lateral ones slighdy bearded inside at base, the spur short- densely pubescent. Apr.-May. Dry woods in mountains; 



cylindric, 4-5 mm. long; capsules ellipsoidal, glabrous, 6-10 Hokkaido, Honshu (n. & c. distr.). Korea, Sakhalin, Man- 



mm. long. Apr.-May. Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- churia, Siberia, e. Europe, and Caucasus. 



shu; rather common. 3. Viola hondoensis W. Becker & H. Boiss. V. nippon- 



Var. chaerophylloides (Kegel) Makino forma eizanensis ica Maxim., nom. prov.; V. hirta var. nipponica (Maxim.) 



(Makino) E. Ito. V. dissecta var. eizanensis Makino; V. chae- Fr. & Sav. Aoi-sumire. Conspicuously spreading white- 



rophylloides var. eizanensis (Makino) Ohwi Eizan-sumire. pubescent; rhizomes thick, short; stolons slender, bearing 



Vernal leaves pedately dissected, the summer leaves ternate, the flowers; leaf-blades cordate-orbicular, 1-3 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. 



segments broadly lanceolate, to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. wide, wide, to 6 cm. long, 8 cm. wide in fruit, rounded or nearly so 



incised, flowers purplish. Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. at the tip, deeply cordate, undulately toothed, the pcriolcs at 



Forma simplicifolia (Makino) Ohwi. V. chaerophylloides anthesis 2-8 cm. long, at fruiting time to 25 cm. long; pcdun- 



forma simplicifolia Makino; V. eizanensis var. simplicifolia cles 4-7 cm. long, from the leaf rosettes and stolons, usually 



(Makino) Makino; V. eizanensis forma simplicifolia (Makino) pilose; flowers pale violet or nearly white; sepals narrowly ob- 



F. Maekawa Hitotsube-ezo-sumire. Leaves simple, long, 5-7 mm. long, obtuse, ciliolate, the appendage deltoid 



Sometimes occurs with the dissected-leaved phase. Forma or trapezoid, acute to obtuse; petals 10-13 mm. long, die 



chaerophylloides. V. pinnata L. var. chaerophylloides lateral ones slightly bearded inside, the lip purple-striate, the 



Kegel; V. chaerophylloides (Kegel) W. Becker; V. sieboldiana spur oblong, short, 3^.5 mm. long; capsules chiefly from the 



var. chaerophylloides (Kegel) Nakai; V. albida Palib. var. cleistogamous flowers, globose, densely white-pubescent, 5-6 



chaerophylloides (Kegel) F. Maekawa Nanzan-sumire. mm. long. Mar.-Apr. Moist woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Kather small; leaves finely dissected. Honshu, Shikoku, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



