636 



ViOLACEAE 



4. Viola keiskei Miq. V. \eis\ei var. typica Makino; V. 

 okuboi var. glabra Makino; V. ]{eisk.ei var. glabra (Makino) 



W. Becker Maruba-sumire. Glabrous or glabrescent; 



rliizomes short, rather thick, erect, densely noded; leaf-blades 

 cordate, sometimes ovate-cordate, 2-3 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide 

 at anthesis, usually rounded or very obtuse, undulately toothed, 

 5-6 cm. long and as vi'ide at fruiting time, the petioles 2-10 

 cm. long at anthesis, to 20 cm. long at fruiting time; pedun- 

 cles glabrous, 5-10 cm. long; flowers white; sepals narrowly 

 oblong, 6-8 mm. long, obtuse to subobtuse, the appendage 4- 

 angled, with few teeth; petals 10-14 mm. long, the lateral 

 ones glabrous or only slightly bearded, the lip purple-striate, 

 the spur 6-7 mm. long; capsules ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-8 mm. long, 



the valves glabrous, with an obtuse keel. Apr.-May. 



Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. 



Korea. Forma okuboi (Makino) F. Maekawa. V. \eis\ei 



var. o}{uboi Makino; V. okuboi (Makino) Makino; V. \eis\ei 



var. typica W. Becker Ke-maruba-sumire. Plant pilose. 



Occurs with the typical phase and equally as common. 



5. Viola yazawana Makino. Hime-sumire-saishin. 

 Sparingly short-pilose on leaves and sometimes on upper part 

 of petioles; rhizomes rather thick, long-creeping, firm, densely 

 noded, with a few persistent petiole bases of previous year; 

 leaves few, appearing after anthesis, blades broadly ovate- 

 cordate, 3-4 cm. long and as wide, acuminate, sometimes with 

 an obtuse tip, deeply cordate at base, with scattered undulate 

 teeth, the petioles slender, 8-12 cm. long, the stipules adnate 

 at base to the petiole, the free portion lanceolate, 3-4 mm. 

 long; peduncles 7-8 cm. long; flowers white; sepals narrowly 

 ovate to broadly lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acute, the append- 

 age semirounded, entire; petals 8-13 mm. long, sometimes to 

 15 mm. long, glabrous, the lip purple-striate, the spur saccate, 

 2.5-3 mm. long and as wide; capsules 7-8 mm. long, glabrous, 



purple-spotted. June. Mountains; Honshu (w. Kan to and 



e. centr. distr.) ; rare. 



6. Viola rossii Hemsl. V. matsumurae Makino Ake- 



BONo-suMiRE. Sparingly pilose on leaves especially on nerves 

 beneath, rarely glabrescent; rhizomes rather thick, creeping, 

 densely noded; leaves appearing after anthesis, rather thick, 

 blades 4-7 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate with an 

 obtuse tip, cordate, undulately toothed, the petioles 10-25 cm. 

 long; stipules free, thinly membranous, lanceolate, 7-10 mm. 

 long, pale green; peduncles 10-15 cm. long; flowers pale rose- 

 purple; sepals oblong, 7-8 mm. long, obtuse, the appendage 

 obtusely 4-angled, usually entire; petals 15-20 mm. long, 

 rounded to remse at apex, the lateral ones glabrous or only 

 slightly bearded, the spur thick and short, saccate, 3-4 mm. 

 long; capsules glabrous, indistincdy brown-spotted, 1-1.5 cm. 



long. Apr.-May. Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea, China, and Manchuria. 



7. Viola vaginata Maxim. V. franchetii H. Boiss. 



Sumire-saishin. Sparingly white-pilose on leaves beneath 

 and rarely on upper part of petioles; rhizomes creeping, thick, 

 densely noded; leaves appearing after anthesis, rather thick, 

 blades 5-14 cm. long and as wide, abruptly acuminate, cordate, 

 undulately toothed, glabrous on upper side, the petioles usu- 

 ally shorter than the peduncles at anthesis, 15-25 cm. long at 

 fruiting time; stipules brown, scarious, free, 12-18 mm. long, 

 lanceolate; peduncles few, 10-15 cm. long; flowers relatively 

 large, pale purple; sepals broadly lanceolate, obtuse, 6-8 mm. 

 long, the appendage ovate or 4-angled, toothed; petals 15-20 

 mm. long, rounded to emarginate, glabrous, the lip purple- 



striate, the spur globose, saccate, 4-5 mm. long; capsules 12-15 



mm. long, usually from cleistogamous flowers. Apr.-June. 



Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (Japan Sea side, as far west as 

 Kinki Distr.) . A phase with white flowers is known. 



8. Viola bissetii Maxim. V. vaginata var. angustifolia 



Yatabe Nagaba-no-sumire-saishin. Glabrous or slightly 



pilose on underside of leaves especially near base; rhizomes 

 rather thick, creeping, densely noded; leaves appearing after 

 anthesis, few, rather thick, blades narrowly deltoid-ovate to 

 broadly deltoid-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. rarely up to 

 8 cm. wide, gradually acuminate to acute, deeply cordate, the 

 petioles at first shorter than the peduncles, to 7-15 cm. long 

 at fruiting time; stipules brownish, free, deltoid-lanceolate, 

 (5-) 8-12 mm. long; peduncles 5-12 cm. long; flowers rela- 

 tively large, pale purple; sepals broadly lanceolate, 6-8 mm. 

 long, obmse, tiie appendage 4-angled ovate, toothed; petals 

 15-18 mm. long, glabrous, the lip purple-striate toward base, 



the spur globose, saccate, 4-5 mm. long. Apr. Mountains; 



Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Forma albiflora Nakai has white flowers. 



9. Viola patrinii DC. V. primulifolia L. pro parte 



Shirobana-sumire. Glabrous or sometimes spreading-pilose 

 on nerves of leaves and lower part of petioles; rhizomes short, 

 with white, divided roots; leaves suberect, blades deltoid- 

 lanceolate or broadly oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm. long, 1-2 

 cm. wide, obtuse to subacute, truncate at base, sparsely or 

 obsoletely toothed, the petioles conspicuously winged in upper 

 part, especially in those developed after anthesis, 4-10 cm. 

 long, longer than the blades; peduncles 7-15 cm. long; flow- 

 ers white, with purplish striations; sepals lanceolate, 4-7 mm. 

 long, acute, the appendage semirounded, sometimes with few 

 obtuse teeth; petals 10-13 mm. long, the lateral ones slightly 

 bearded inside, the lip purple-striate, the spur terete, 3-4 mm. 



long, elhpsoidal; capsules about 8 mm. long. Apr.-May. 



Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Korea, Manchuria, Kuriles, Sakhalin, and Siberia. 



10. Viola mandshurica W. Becker. V. patrinii var. 

 chinensis sensu auct. Japon., non Ging.; V. patrinii var. ma- 



crantha Maxim. Sumire. Glabrous, sometimes pilose; 



rhizomes short, with orange-brown divided roots; leaf -blades 

 rather thick, deltoid-lanceolate to broadly oblong-lanceolate, 

 3-8 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse, truncate to broadly 

 cuneate at base, the summer leaves often narrowly ovate-del- 

 toid, sometimes shallowly cordate, the teeth undulate, the up- 

 per leaves remote and indistinct, the petioles 3-15 cm. long, 

 as long as to shorter than the blades, winged in upper part; 

 peduncles 5-20 cm. long; flowers deep purple, rarely white 

 with purple striations; sepals lanceolate, 5-8 mm. long, acute, 

 the appendage semirounded, usually entire; petals 12-17 mm. 

 long, the lateral ones bearded inside, rarely glabrous, the spur 



short-cylindric, 5-7 mm. long.- Apr.-May. Grassy places 



and fields in lowlands and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu; very common. s. Kuriles, Korea, Manchuria, 



China, and Formosa. 



Var. boninensis (Nakai) Mizushima. V. honinensis Nakai 



Atsuba-sumire. Maritime phase with thicker lustrous 



leaves, often elongate-deltoid in spring. ^Near seashores. 



11. Viola yedoensis Makino. V. philippica subsp. 

 munda W. Becker, pro parte Noji-sumire. Rather con- 

 spicuously short spreading-pilose; rhizomes short; leaf-blades 

 rather thick, broadly deltoid-lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. 

 wide at anthesis, sometimes to 8 cm. long, and 3 cm. wide in 



