ViOLACEAE 



637 



fruit, subobtuse, truncate to broadly cuncate, or slightly cor- 

 date at base, with scattered obtuse undulate teeth, the petioles 

 usually shorter than the blades, 2-5 cm. long or sometimes to 

 15 cm. long, slightly winged in upper part; peduncles as long 

 as or slighdy shorter than the leaves; flowers purple; sepals 

 broadly lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, acute or subobtuse, glabrous, 

 the appendage rounded, entire to obtusely toothed; petals 10- 

 14 mm. long, glabrous, the spur slender, cylindric, 5-7 mm. 



long. Apr. Grassy fields in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



12. Viola minor (Makino) Makino. V. patrinii var. 



minor Makino Hime-scmire. Usually glabrous, rarely 



puberulous; rhizomes short; leaf-blades deep green and 

 slightly lustrous on upper side, broadly deltoid-lanceolate at 

 anthesis, somewhat narrowly deltoid in fruit, 1.5-4 cm. long, 

 1-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse to subacute, truncate to slightly cordate 

 at base, undulately toothed or sometimes entire toward the 

 tip, the petioles 2-4 cm. long at anthesis, to 8 cm. long at 

 fruiting time, wingless or slightly winged in upper part; 

 peduncles 4-10 cm. long, usually longer than the leaves; 

 flowers deep-purple, relatively small; sepals broadly lanceolate, 

 acute, 3-4 mm. long, the appendage semirounded; petals 8-10 

 mm. long, the lateral ones bearded inside, the spur slender, 

 i-A mm. long. Apr. Lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. 



13. Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim. V. prionantha var. 

 latijoUa Miq. pro parte; V. conilii Fr. & Sav.; V. pseudoprio- 

 nantha W. Becker; V. nipponica Makino; V. phalacrocarpoides 



Makino; V. reinii W. Becker; V. ishidoyana Nakai Akane- 



SUMIRE, Oka-sumire. Glabrous to densely short-pubescent; 

 rhizomes short, somewhat tufted; leaf -blades ovate to nar- 

 rowly so, 1-3 cm. long, 0.8-2.5 cm. wide at anthesis, to 8 cm. 

 long in fruit, obtuse to subacute, shallowly cordate to trun- 

 cate-rounded at base, obtusely undulate-toothed, the petioles 

 3-10 cm. long at anthesis, to 20 cm. long at fruiting time, 

 narrowly winged in upper part; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; 

 flowers deep rose-purple; sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-7 mm. 

 long, acute, the appendage deltoid, acute, or 4-angled, with 

 acute teeth; petals 10-13 mm. long, the lateral ones bearded 



inside, the spur slender, 6-8 mm. long. Apr. Lowlands; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea, 



Manchuria, and China. 



14. Viola japonica Langsd. V. prionantha var. latijolia 

 Miq., pro parte; V. ocdcmansii W. Becker; V. lacti flora sensu 



auct. Japon., non Nakai; V. metajaponica Nakai Ko-su- 



MiRE. Mostly glabrous or sparingly pilose on upper leaves 

 and petioles; rhizomes short; blades of vernal leaves ovate to 

 broadly so or narrowly deltoid-ovate, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 

 cm. wide, obtuse or subobtuse, cordate to slightly so at base, 

 obtusely toothed, the summer leaves often elongate-deltoid, to 

 8 cm. long, the petioles 2-8 cm. long, narrowly winged in up- 

 per part; peduncles 6-12 cm. long, usually glabrous; flowers 

 purple; sepals broadly lanceolate, acute, 5-7 mm. long, the 

 appendage elliptic, often obtusely toothed; petals 1-1.5 cm. 

 long, rounded at apex, the lateral ones bearded inside or gla- 

 brous, the spur cylindric, 6-8 mm. long. (Mar.)-Apr. 



Lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. s. Korea 



and Ryukyus. 



15. Viola yezoensis Maxim. V. pycnophylla Fr. & Sav.; 



V. yatabei Makino; V . biaciita W. Becker Hikage-sumire. 



Spreading whitish pilose on leaves and peduncles; rhizomes 

 slender, short, the roots slender, often with adventitious buds; 



leaf-blades thin, sometimes obscurely white-variegated along 

 the nerves, ovate, 3-6 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide in anthesis, to 

 10 cm. long and 8 cm. wide at fruiting time, subobtuse, cor- 

 date at base, obtusely toothed, the petioles 5-10 cm. long at 

 anthesis, to 20 cm. long at fruiting time, narrowly winged in 

 upper portion; peduncles 7-12 cm. long; flowers white, with 

 purple striations, relatively large; sepals broadly lanceolate, 

 8-10 mm. long, subacute, ciliate, the appendage ovate to 

 broadly lanceolate, somewhat elongate, acute, entire or with 

 few lobes; petals 15-20 mm. long, the lateral ones bearded in- 

 side, the lip purple-striate, the spur 7-8 mm. long, cylindric. 



Apr.-May. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu. 



16. Viola hirtipes S. Moore. V. miyabci Makino; V. 



hirtipes var. typica and var. rtiiyabci (Makino) Nakai 



Sakura-sumire. Rather long-spreading soft white-pubescent, 

 rarely subglabrous; rhizomes short; leaf blades ovate to nar- 

 rowly so, rarely deltoid-ovate, i-6 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, 

 obtuse or subobtuse, cordate at base, undulately obtuse-toothed, 

 the petioles 5-15 cm. long, slightly winged near the apex; 

 peduncles 7-12 cm. long; flowers pale rose-purple; sepals lan- 

 ceolate, 7-8 mm. long, subacute, the appendage semirounded, 

 entire, glabrous; petals 15-20 mm. long, retuse to rounded at 

 apex, the lateral ones bearded inside, the spur cylindric, 7-8 

 mm. long. May. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and Ussuri. Forma 



rhodovenia (Nakai) Hiyama ex F. Maekawa. V. hirtipes 

 var. rhodovenia Nakai- — -Chishio-sumire. Leaves with 



nerves on upper side purple-brown. 



17. Viola blandaeformis Nakai. V. blanda var. vio- 

 lascens Nakai; V. blanda sensu auct. Japon., pro parte, non 



Willd. Usuba-sumire. Glabrous, slender; rhizomes rather 



thick, short, creeping, densely noded, with persistent petiole 

 bases of preceding year; stolons present; leaf-blades mem- 

 branous, orbicular-reniform, 1-2 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, 

 rounded and sometimes with an abrupt short tip, deeply cor- 

 date, obsoletely toothed, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; peduncles 

 4-6 cm. long; flowers white; sepals broadly lanceolate, 3-4 

 mm. long, acute, the appendage semirounded, entire; petals 

 8-10 mm. long, glabrous, the lip with purple striations, the 

 spur about 2 mm. long, saccate. July. Wet places in coni- 

 ferous forests; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.). 

 Kuriles and Kamchatka. 



Var. pilosa Hara. V. blanda sensu auct. Japon., non Willd.; 

 V. hiiltenii W. Becker KE-usoBA-suMreE. Leaves short- 

 pilose. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and north w.). 



18. Viola pumilio W. Becker. Fumoto-sumire. Small, 

 glabrous or sparingly puberulous on upper side of leaves; rhi- 

 zomes very short; leaf-blades ovate to ovate-cordate, l-2(-2.5) 

 cm. long, 1-1.8 cm. wide, obtuse, cordate at base, often white- 

 variegated on upper side, often purplish beneath, depressed- 

 toothed, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; peduncles 4-7 cm. long; 

 flowers white, small; sepals broadly lanceolate, 3-A mm. long, 

 acute, the appendage semirounded, entire; petals 7-8(-10) 

 mm. long, the lateral ones usually bearded inside, the lip short, 

 narrow, the spur about 2.5 mm. long, saccate; capsules 5-7 



mm. long, pale green. Apr.-May. Sunny hills; Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Viola sieboldii Maxim., with glabrous petals, possibly is a 

 form of V. pumilio. 



19. Viola boissieuana Makino. V. pseudosell{ir]{ii Na- 

 kai HiME-MiYAMA-sL-MiRE. Very slender, glabrous or 



