638 



ViOLACEAE 



with short hairs on upper side of leaves; rhizomes short; leaf- 

 blades thin, deltoid-cordate to narrowly ovate, usually broadly 

 deltoid-ovate, 0.8-2 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute to obtuse, 

 deeply cordate with an obtuse sinus, often white-variegated 

 above, the teeth few, slightly dilated on upper part of outer 

 margin, the petioles 2-7 cm. long; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; 

 flowers white, small; sepals lanceolate, acute, 3-4.5 mm. long, 

 the appendage entire, obtuse; petals 7-10 mm. long, the lateral 

 ones usually bearded inside, the lip rather short, purple-striate, 



the spur 2-3 mm. long, saccate, rounded. May. Woods; 



Honshu (w. Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Var. iwagawae (Makino) Ohwi. V. iwagawae Makino 

 Yakushima-sumire. Plants smaller; leaves nearly del- 

 toid, 5-10 mm. long and as wide, truncate-cordate at base; 

 capsules 3-5 mm. long. Kyushu (Yakushima). 



20. Viola maximowicziana Makino. V. selkjrkii var. 

 major Yatabe Ko-miyama-sumiee. Often white-pubes- 

 cent; rhizomes short, the roots often wida adventirious buds; 

 leaf-blades spreading, ovate-elliptic to ovate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 

 1.5-3 cm. wide, acute or subacute, cordate at base, undulately 

 toothed, often white-variegated on upper side, sometimes 

 purplish beneath, the petioles 2-5 cm. long, 1 or 2 times as 

 long as the blades, the stipules lanceolate; peduncles 5-10 cm. 

 long, the bracts 3-6 mm. long, usually on upper part; flowers 

 white; sepals broadly lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, acute, 

 usually pilose, recurved toward tip, the appendage short, en- 

 tire; petals rather narrow, 8-10 mm. long, the lateral ones 

 glabrous to slightly bearded inside, the lip short, purple-striate, 



the spur somewhat globose, 2-3 mm. long. ^May. Woods; 



Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



21. Viola variegata Fisch. var. nipponica Makino. V. 

 umemtirae Makino Genji-sumire, Iyo-sumire. Short- 

 pubescent especially on leaves, peduncles, sepals, and capsules; 

 rhizomes slender, short; leaf -blades rather thick-membranous, 

 broadly ovate-elliptic to cordate-orbicular, 2.5-5 cm. long and 

 as wide, obtuse to rounded, cordate at base, often white- 

 variegated on upper surface, purplish beneath, obtusely 

 toothed, the petioles 2-5 cm. long at anthesis, to 15 cm. long at 

 fruiting time; peduncles 6-10 cm. long, shorter than the 

 leaves in fruit, the bracts linear, 3-10 mm. long, near the 

 middle on the peduncle; sepals lanceolate, subacute, 3-7 mm. 

 long, the appendage semirounded or somewhat squarrose, en- 

 tire, rounded to retuse at the tip; petals pale purple, 8-11 mm. 

 long, the lateral ones bearded inside, the spur cylindric, 7-8 



mm. long; capsules puberulent, 4-5 mm. long. Apr. 



Honshu (Kanto and centr. distr., Mimasaka Prov.), Shikoku 



(lyo) ; rare. The typical phase occurs in Korea, Manchuria, 



and Siberia. 



22. Viola shikokiana Makino. V. epipsila Ledeb. var. 



acuminata Nakai Shikoku-sumire. Rhizomes slender, 



creeping, remotely nodded; leaf-blades few, membranous, 

 ovate-orbicular to broadly ovate, 2-4 cm. long and as wide, 

 short-acuminate, cordate at base, obtusely undulate-toothed, 

 sparingly short-pilose on upper side and on nerves beneath, the 

 petioles 4-15 cm. long; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, longer than 

 the leaves in anthesis; flowers white, 5-6 mm. long, somewhat 

 precocious; sepals lanceolate or narrowly so, subobtuse, the 

 appendage short, deltoid or squarrose; petals narrowly oblong, 

 8-15 mm. long, the lateral ones glabrous or slightly bearded, 

 the lip slightly shorter than the other petals, purple-striate, the 

 spur saccate, globose, 2-3 mm. long; capsules glabrous. 



Apr.-May. Mountains; Honshu (w. Kanto and Tokaido 

 Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



23. Viola seUcirkii Pursh. V. kamtschatica Ging.; V. 

 sell{irl{ii var. glabra Miq. Miyama-sumire. Plant slen- 

 der, usually loosely pilose on leaves and peduncles; rhizomes 

 short, slender; leaf-blades ovate-cordate, 2-3 cm. long and as 

 wide at anthesis, to 5 cm. long and as wide at fruiting time, 

 abruptly acute or short-acuminate, deeply cordate, undu- 

 lately toothed, the petioles 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 times as long 

 as the blades; peduncles 5-8 cm. long, about as long as the 

 leaves; flowers pale violet; sepals lanceolate, subacuminate, 5-7 

 mm. long, the appendage ovate-deltoid, subacute or with few 

 subacute small teeth at apex, sometimes glabrous; petals 12-15 

 mm. long, glabrous, the spur short-cylindric, 6-8 mm. long. 



^May. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and 



northw.). Widely distributed in the cooler temperate re- 

 gions of the N. Hemisphere. 



24. Viola tokubuchiana Makino. V. niWoensis Nakai 



Fuji-suMiRE. Sparingly short pilose on leaf-blades, 



sometimes on the peduncles and petioles; rhizomes often 

 elongate; leaf-blades broadly ovate, 1.5-2 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. 

 wide, subacute, cordate, white-variegated, often purplish be- 

 neath, the summer leaves to 4 cm. long and as wide, with short 

 undulate teeth notched at each end, the petioles 2-8 cm. 

 long, 1 to 2 times as long as the blades; stipules linear; 

 peduncles 5-8 cm. long, the bracts linear, 3-8 mm. long; 

 flowers pale purple; sepals lanceolate, acute, 4-5 mm. long, 

 the appendage short; petals 8-12 mm. long, the lateral ones 

 bearded inside, the spur 4-6 mm. long, cylindric; capsules 



glabrous, 6-7 mm. long. Apr. Honshu (Kanto and centr. 



distr.) . 



25. Viola takedana Makino. V. scabrida Nakai; V. to- 



\ubuchiana var. ta\edana (Makino) F. Maekawa Hina- 



sumire. Glabrous or sparsely short-pilose on leaf-blades on 

 upper side and on nerves beneath, especially in summer leaves; 

 rhizomes short; leaf-blades rather thick, deltoid-ovate to nar- 

 rowly so, sometimes broadly ovate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. 

 wide, acuminate to gradually acute with a minute obtuse tip, 

 deeply cordate, undulately toothed, nerves on upper side often 

 white, the petioles 3-10 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 times as long as die 

 blades; stipules broadly linear; peduncles 5-8 cm. long, the 

 bracts filiform-linear, 5-7 mm. long; flowers rose-purple; sepals 

 broadly lanceolate, acute, 6-7 mm. long, the appendage ovate, 

 subobtuse, often few-toothed; petals 12-15 mm. long, the 

 lateral ones glabrous or slightly bearded inside, the spur short- 

 cylindric, 6-7 mm. long; capsules 6-8 mm. long. Apr.-May. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu. 



26. Viola violacea Makino. Shihai-sumire. Usually 

 glabrous or rarely short-pubescent on upper side of leaves; 

 rhizomes short; leaf-blades deltoid-ovate to narrowly so, some- 

 times ovate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide at anthesis, to 5 cm. 

 long, 3 cm. wide at fruiting time, nerves on upper side white, 

 purplish beneath, obtusely short-toothed, the petioles 2-10 cm. 

 long, 1 to 2 times as long as the blades; peduncles 5-8 cm. 

 long; flowers deep rose-purple; sepals broadly lanceolate, 3-4 

 mm. long, subacute, die appendage rounded, usually entire; 

 petals 8-12 mm. long, glabrous, the spur rather slender, 

 cylindric, 5-6 mm. long, curved slightly upward; capsules 6-7 

 mm. long. Apr. Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. Korea. 



27. Viola makinoi H. Boiss. V. obtusosagitta Koidz.; 



