ViOLACEAE 



639 



V. violacea var. makinoi (H. Boiss.) Hiyama Makino-su- 



MiRE. Usually glabrous; rhizomes short; Itaf-blades broadly 

 deltoid-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide at anthesis, to 

 5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide at fruiting time, acuminate with an 

 obtuse tip, sinuately cordate at base, sometimes obsoletely 

 white-variegated on upper side, with scattered, obscure teeth, 

 the petioles 4-10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 times as long as the 

 blades; peduncles 4-10 cm. long; flowers rose-purpic; sepals 

 broadly lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acute, the appendage short, 

 rounded, entire: petals 8-10 mm. long, glabrous, the spur 

 short-cylindric, 6-8 mm. long; capsules usually from short- 



pcduncled cleistogamic flowers. Apr.-May. Mountains; 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



28. Viola raddeana Kegel. V. raddeana var. japonica 



Makino; V. dcltoidea Yatabe Tachi-sumire. Glabrous or 



sometimes sparsely papillose and short pilose on nerves of 

 leaves beneath and on bracts; rhizomes short; stems 30-50 cm. 

 long, erect, tufted; cauline leaves deltoid-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. 

 long, 1-2 (-3) cm. wide, gradually narrowed to a subobtuse 

 tip, broadest at the truncate to very slightly cordate base, ob- 

 scurely obtuse-toothed; stipules rather large, green, linear- 

 lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, acutely few-toothed, tlie 

 petioles 2-5 cm. long, winged in upper part; peduncles 5-10 

 cm. long, axillary on upper part of stem; flowers pale-purple; 

 sepals lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, very acute at the tip, the 

 appendage short, entire; petals 8-10 mm. long, the lateral ones 

 slightly bearded inside, the lip purple-striate, shorter than the 



other petals, the spur semiglobose, 1.5-2 mm. long. May. 



Wet places in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu (Kanto Distr.), 

 Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and Amur. 



29. Viola thibaudieri Fr. & Sav. Tade-sumire. Gla- 

 brous; rhizomes short; stems tufted, 25-35 cm. long, green; 

 lowermost leaves reduced, the principal ones broadly lanceo- 

 late, 7-10 cm. long, 15-25 mm. wide, gradually acuminate, 

 broadest below the middle, cuneately narrowed in lower third, 

 with scattered obtuse teeth and the margins papillose, sub- 

 sessile or short-petioled; stipules brown, linear-lanceolate, 1.5-2 

 cm. long, long-acuminate with few linear teeth, the lower ones 

 strongly connate along the dorsal margins; peduncles 5-6 cm. 

 long, slender; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acumi- 

 nate, the appendage short, obtuse or retuse; petals 12-13 mm. 

 long, rather narrow, the lateral ones slightly white-bearded 

 inside at base, the lip short, purple-striate, die spur ellipsoidal, 

 short, about 3 mm. long; capsules usually on short-peduncled 



cleistogamic flowers. May. Mountains; Honshu (Shinano 



Prov.) ; very rare. Korea. 



30. Viola acuminata Ledeb. V. micrantha Turcz., non 



Presl; V. laciniosa A. Gray Ezo-no-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Plant whitish puberulent; rhizomes short; stems erect, tufted, 

 20-40 cm. long; lo%ver leaves reduced, the cauline cordate or 

 ovate<ordate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, the uppermost 

 ones sometimes ovate-deltoid to cordate, longer than broad, 

 abruptly acuminate with an obtuse tip, with short depressed 

 teeth, the petioles or some of them longer than the blades, 

 those uppermost shorter than the blades, wingless; stipules 

 oblong, pinnately incised, 15-25 mm. long; peduncles 5-10 cm. 

 long, with a pair of linear bracts on upper half; flowers pale 

 violet; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long, acuminate, 

 often short white-pubescent, the appendage semirounded to 

 retuse; petals 8-13 mm. long, the lateral ones white-bearded 

 inside at base, the spur saccate and globose, 3-4 mm. long. 



May-June. Hokkaido, Honshu. Korea, China, Man- 

 churia, s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, and c. Siberia. Forma glaber- 



rima (Hara, pro var.) Ohwi. (?) V. micrantha subsp. shikp- 

 /(iicnsis W. Becker; (?) V. acuminata forma shil{p\tiensis (W. 



Becker) F. Maekawa Kenashi-ezo-no-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Glabrous except the lateral petals. Honshu and reported 



from Shikoku. 



31. Viola diffusa Ging. var. glabella H. Boiss. V. f^iu- 



siana Makino Tsukushi-sumire, Hai-sumire. Coarsely 



white-pilose or glabresccnt; rhizomes short, leafy; stoloni- 

 ferous; leaf-blades spreading, ovate, 2-5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. 

 wide, obtuse, broadly cuneate to subtruncate at base, broadly 

 decurrent on the petiole, obtusely toothed, the petioles 1 or 2 

 times as long as the blades, winged; stipules narrowly lan- 

 ceolate, with linear teeth; peduncles radical, from the stolons, 

 3-10 cm. long; flowers white, slightly purple-tinged, small; 

 sepals narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, 

 gradually acute, the appendage rounded, short; petals 6-8 mm. 

 long, glabrous, the lip purple-striate, much shorter than the 

 other petals, the spur semiglobose, very short, only slightly 

 exserted between the sepals; capsules not exserted from the 



sepals. Apr. Kyushu (Satsuma, Higo, and Hizen Prov.). 



The typical phase occurs in China and Formosa. 



32. Viola rostrata Muhl. var. japonica (W. Becker & 

 H. Boiss.) Ohwi. V. rostrata subsp. japonica W. Becker & H. 



Boiss.; V. rostrata sensu auct. Japon., non Muhl. Naga- 



HASHi-suMiRE. Glabrous; rhizomes short; stems 2-4 cm. 



long at anthesis; leaves radical and cauline, the radical ones 

 rather thick, orbicular-cordate, 2-4 cm. long and as wide, 

 abruptly acute with an obtuse tip, obtusely short-toothed, the 

 midrib raised above; upper leaves usually ovate-deltoid, acumi- 

 nate with an obtuse tip, shallowly cordate, short-petioled or 

 subsessile, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; stipules red-brown, nar- 

 rowly ovate-oblong, about 1 cm. long, deeply laciniate-lobed; 

 upper stipules linear-lanceolate, few-toothed; peduncles near 

 base or radical, longer than the radical leaves; flowers pale 

 violet; sepals broadly lanceolate, 5-6 mm. long, acute, the 

 appendage semirounded, entire; petals 12-14 mm. long, gla- 

 brous, the spur cylindric, ascending, 10-15 mm. long; capsules 

 from short-peduncled cleistogamic flowers on upper part of 

 stems. Apr.-May. Shaded places in low mountains; Hon- 

 shu (Japan Sea side of northern distr. as far west as Inaba 

 Prov.). The typical phase occurs in N. America. 



33. Viola sacchalinensis H. Boiss. V. k^omarovii W. 

 Becker; V. mutsuensis W. Becker; V. sylvestrijormis W. 



Becker; V. canina var. \amtschatica Ging. Ainu-tachi- 



TSUBo-suMiRE. Rhizomes rather short; stems few, ascending, 

 2-5 cm. long at anthesis, 10-25 cm. long at fruiting time; 

 radical leaf-blades cordate-orbicular or reniform-cordate, 2-3 

 cm. long and as wide at anthesis, 3-4 cm. long and as wide at 

 fruiting time, subacute or obtuse, vivid green, flat, soft, 

 obscurely undulate-toothed, the petioles 2 to 3 times as long 

 as the blades; cauline leaves few, short-petiolate; stipules 

 pinnately lobed; peduncles axillary to the stem-leaves; flowers 

 pale violet; sepals narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long, acumi- 

 nate, the appendage semirounded, entire; petals 10-15 mm. 

 long, the lateral ones bearded inside, the spur narrowly ob- 

 long, 4-6 mm. long; capsules from short-peduncled cleisto- 

 gamic flowers on upper part of stems. May-June. Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (n. distr.). s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, 



n. Korea, Manchuria, and Siberia. 



