640 



ViOLACEAE 



34. Viola kusanoana Makino. 0-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 

 Usually glabrous; rhizomes densely noded, short-creeping; 

 stems erect, ascending at base, 5-10 cm. long at anthesis, to 

 40 cm. long at fruiting time; radical leaf-blades cordate- 

 rounded or depressed, 3-5 cm. long and as wide at anthesis, to 

 6 cm. long and as wide at fruiting time, densely brown- 

 spotted, subacute to obtuse, vivid green, membranous, cor- 

 date at base, obtusely undulate-toothed, the petioles 1.5 to 2.5 

 times as long as the leaves; cauline leaves short-petiolate; 

 stipules deeply laciniate-lobed; peduncles axillary to the stem- 

 leaves; flowers pale violet, rather large; sepals lanceolate, 5-8 

 mm. long, acute, the appendage semirounded, obtusely toothed 

 or entire; petals glabrous, 15-18 mm. long, the spur short- 

 cylindric, 6-8 mm. long; capsules chiefly from short-peduncled 



cleistogamic flowers on upper part of stems. Apr.-May. 



Wet grassy places sometimes in thin woods; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Kyushu. Forma pubescens (Nakai) Mizushima. V. 



kusanoana var. pubescens Nakai Ke-o-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Plant short-pubescent. Occurs with the species, but especially 

 abundant in northern districts. 



35. Viola senamiensis Nakai. V. grayi Fr. & Sav., pro 

 parte, nom., excl. syn.; V. grayi var. glabra W. Becker; V. 



grypoceras var. grayi (Fr. & Sav.) Nakai Iso-sumire, Se- 



NAMr-suMiRE. Usually glabrous; rhizomes thick, elongate, 

 often branched, rather ligneous, ascending or erect; stems 

 tufted, 5-10 cm. long; radical leaves thick, depressed-orbicular, 

 1-3 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, very obtuse, cordate, obtusely 

 toothed, rather long-petioled; stipules deeply pinnately lobed; 

 peduncles usually cauline; flowers deep-violet; sepals lanceolate 

 to broadly so, 6-7 mm. long, acute, the appendage semi- 

 rounded, subentire; petals 13-15 mm. long, glabrous, the 

 spur rather short, white, about 5 mm. long; capsules glabrous. 



^May. Sand-dunes near seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(Japan Sea side as far south as Echigo Prov., also Rikuchu and 

 Mutsu Prov.). 



36. Viola faurieana W. Becker. Teriha-tachi-tsubo- 

 suMiRE. Glabrous; rhizomes densely noded; stems ascend- 

 ing, few-leaved, very short at anthesis, to 20 cm. long at 

 fruiting time; radical leaf -blades orbicular-cordate to somewhat 

 orbicular-deltoid, 2-3 cm. long and as wide, rounded to obtuse, 

 shallowly cordate or subtruncate at base, or sometimes del- 

 toid-cordate to broadly deltoid-ovate, to 4 cm. long, 3.5 cm. 

 wide, obtusely toothed, nerves and veinlets slender, raised 

 on upper side when dry, the petioles 2 to 2.5 times as long as 

 the blades; stipules deeply linear-lobed; cauline leaves rather 

 few, short-petioled; peduncles radical and cauline, with a pair 

 of bracts on upper half; flowers pale violet; sepals broadly lan- 

 ceolate, 3.5-5 mm. long, subacute, the appendage semirounded, 

 entire; petals 8-12 mm. long, glabrous, the spur 4-5 mm. long. 



May. Woods; Honshu (Japan Sea side from Mutsu to 



Echigo) . 



37. Viola grypoceras A. Gray. V. canina var. japonica 

 Ging; V. sylvestris var. japonica (Ging.) Makino; V. sylvestris 

 var. grypoceras (A. Gray) Maxim.; V. reichenbachiana sensu 

 Fr. & Sav., non Jord.; V. longipedunculata Fr. & Sav.; V. 



pruniflora Nakai Tachi-tsubo-sumire. Usually glabrous; 



rhizomes short, densely noded; stems few, ascending or de- 

 cumbent, short at anthesis, 10-30 cm. long at fruiting time; 

 radical leaf-blades cordate to depressed-cordate, 1.5-2.5 cm. 

 long, 2-3 cm. wide, obtuse to very obtuse, cordate, shallowly 

 toothed, the petioles 3-7 cm. long, 2 to 4 times as long as the 

 blades; cauline leaves simulating the radical; stipules deeply 



laciniate-lobed; peduncles 6-10 cm. long, radical and cauline, 

 with a pair of linear-bracts on upper half; flowers pale violet, 

 inodorous; sepals lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, acute, the ap- 

 pendage semirounded, with a rounded entire tip; petals 

 12-15 mm. long, glabrous, the spur short-cylindric, 6-8 mm. 



long. Apr.-May. Thin woods in lowlands and mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and very 



variable. Forma pubescens (Nakai) Mizushima. V. 



grypoceras var. pubescens Nakai Ke-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Plant short-pubescent. Common especially in northern 



areas. 



Var. rhizomata (Nakai) Ohwi. V. rhizomata Nakai ■ 



TsuRU-TACHi-TSUBo-suMiRE. Stems decumbent, over-winter- 

 ing, new buds appearing from the apex; leaves smaller, de- 

 pressedly deltoid-orbicular, subtruncate at base. High moun- 

 tains on Japan Sea side of Honshu (from Tajima to Echigo). 



Var. exilis (Miq.) Nakai. V. sylvestris var. exilis Miq.; 



V. coreana H. Boiss. Ko-tachi-tsubo-sumire. Smaller 



plant with decumbent stems and depressedly deltoid leaves 



truncate at base. Honshu (western distr.), Shikoku and 



Kyushu. 



Var. imberbis (A. Gray) Ohwi. V. sylvestris var. imberbis 



A. Gray; V. \rugiana W. Becker Iso-TACHi-xsuBO-suMmE. 



Stems tufted; leaves thicker, rather lustrous. Maritime form 



near seashores; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Var. hichitoana (Nakai) F. Maekawa. V. hichitoana Na- 

 kai; V. \usanoana var. hichitoana (Nakai) Ohwi Shichito- 



suMiRE. Plant larger with larger leaves. Izu-shichito 



Islands. 



38. Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino. V. ovato-oblonga 



var. obtusa Makino Nioi-tachi-tsueo-sumire. Usually 



papillose-puberulous throughout; stems ascending or erect, 

 usually very short at anthesis, 10-30 cm. long at fruiting time; 

 radical leaf-blades cordate or deltoid-cordate, 1-2 cm. long and 

 as wide at anthesis, to 3 cm. long and as wide at fruiting time, 

 obtuse to rather rounded at apex, cordate, obtusely short- 

 toothed, the petioles 1 to 3 times as long as the blades; cauline 

 leaves at fruiting time narrowly ovate-deltoid, 2.5-4 cm. long, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, shallowly cordate; stipules pinnately linear- 

 laciniate; peduncles radical and cauline; flowers rose-purple 

 with a white center, fragrant; sepals lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, 

 acute, the appendage semirounded, obtusely toothed; petals 

 12-15 mm. long, glabrous, the spur 6-7 mm. long; capsules 

 glabrous, usually from short-peduncled cleistogamic flowers on 



upper part of stems. Apr.-May. Thickets and sunny slopes; 



Honshu, Kyushu. Forma nuda (Ohwi) F. Maekawa. V. 



obtusa var. nuda Ohwi Kenashi-nioi-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Glabrous. Grows with the typical phase. 



39. Viola ovato-oblonga (Miq.) Makino. V. sylvestris 



forma ovato-oblonga Miq. Nagaba-tachi-tsubo-sumire. 



Glabrous; rhizomes short, densely noded; stems ascending or 

 erect, 20-40 cm. long in fruit; radical leaf -blades cordate- 

 orbicular to cordate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, very obtuse 

 to subrounded at apex, cordate, undulate-toothed, the petioles 

 1.5-4 times as long as the blades; stipules pinnately laciniate- 

 lobed; lower cauline leaves narrowly ovate-deltoid, subacute to 

 obtuse, shallowly cordate, the upper ones short-petioled, lan- 

 ceolate to narrowly deltoid-ovate, acuminate with an obtuse 

 tip, shallowly cordate, obsoletely toothed; stipules narrowly 

 lanceolate, pinnately incised; peduncles radical and cauline; 

 flowers pale violet; sepals lanceolate, 5-7 mm. long, acute, the 

 appendage rounded, short, entire; petals 12-15 mm. long. 



