ViOLACEAE 



641 



glabrous, the spur 7-8 mm. long, short-cylindric; capsules 

 chiefly from short-pedunclcd deistogamic flowers on upper 



part of stems. Apr.-May. Sunny slopes and thickets in 



hills and low mountains; Honshu (Kinki Distr. and westvv.), 



Shikoku, Kyushu. Forma pubescens (Nakai) F. Mae- 



kawa. V. ovato-oblonga var. pubescens Nakai Ke-na- 



GABA-TACHi-TsuBO-suMiRE. Plant pubcsccnt. Grows with 



the typical phase. s. Korea. 



40. Viola mirabilis L. var. subglabra Ledeb. V. 

 brachysepala Maxim.; V. mirabilis var. glaberrima W. Becker 



Ibuki-sumire. Rhizomes creeping, rather short; stems 



erect, 15-30 cm. long, with 2 subsessile cauline leaves at the 

 top and sometimes with a third long-petiolate one; leaf-blades 

 membranous, depressed-cordate or orbicular-cordate, 2-3 (-4.5) 

 cm. long, 2.5— 4(-6) cm. wide, very shorriy obtuse, cordate, 

 with flat obtuse teeth, the petioles 7-15 cm. long; stipules 

 thinly membranous, broadly lanceolate, acute to obtuse, gla- 

 brous or loosely glandular-ciliate, the cauline 5-8 mm. long, 

 acute, usually short-ciliate, nearly free; peduncles radical; 

 flowers pale violet, chasmogamic, rather large, usually sterile; 

 sepals narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, 

 subacute, the appendage depressed-rounded, short, entire; 

 petals 13-15 mm. long, the lateral ones bearded inside at base, 

 the spur 5-7 mm. long, oblong; capsules 8-10 mm. long, from 

 short-peduncled deistogamic flowers, terminal on the stems. 



Apr. Honshu. e. Siberia, Korea, Manchuria. The t)'pi- 



cal phase occurs in Europe, Caucasus, and Siberia. 



41. Viola langsdorfiBi Fisch. V. hamtschadalorum W. 

 Becker & Hult.; V. langsdorffii var. caulescens Ging.; F. 

 mirabilis, ? langsdorffii, y canescens, S hispidtila, and var. 

 \usnetzoffii a glabra Kegel; V. langsdorffii subsp. sachalinensis 



W. Becker; V. \urilensis Nakai; V. sapporoensis Franch. 



OBA-TACHi-TsuBO-suAnRE. Glabrous or slighdy pilose on 



leaves beneath; rhizomes creeping; stems erect, 20-30(-40) cm. 

 long, 3- to 4-!eaved; leaf-blades cordate or orbicular-cordate, 3-7 

 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, slightly extended and obtuse, cordate, 

 undulate-toothed, the petioles 7-15 cm. long; stipules broadly 

 lanceolate, acuminate, slightly connate at base, nearly entire, 

 the cauline membranous, greenish, semi-ovate, 1-2 cm. long, 

 acute, entire or with few fine teeth; peduncles from upper part 

 of stems: flowers pale violet, rather large; sepals broadly lan- 

 ceolate, 7-8 mm. long, acute, the appendage short, some- 

 times with few obsolete teeth; petals 15-20 mm. long, the 

 lateral ones bearded inside at base, the spur short, saccate, 3-4 



mm. long; capsules glabrous, 12-15 mm. long. May-July. 



Wet grassy places; Hokkaido, Honshu (Oze in Kotsuke). 



Sakhalin, Kuriles, and Kamchatka. 



42. Viola verecunda A. Gray. V. alata subsp. verecunda 

 (A. Gray) W. Becker; V. japonica Fr. & Sav., non Langsd., 

 incl. var. typica Fr. & Sav., var. subacquiloba Fr. & Sav., var. 



decumbens Fr. & Sav., and var. ptisilla Fr. & Sav. Tsubo- 



suMiRE. Glabrous; rhizomes short; stems ascending or de- 

 cumbent, 5-20(-30) cm. long; radical leaf-blades reniform- 

 cordatc or deltoid-reniform, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, 

 obtuse or deltoid-rounded, deeply open-cordate, obtusely un- 

 dulate-toothed, the petioles 2 to 4 times as long as the blades; 

 cauline leaves depressed-cordate, deltoid-cordate or deeply 

 open-cordate, subacute to obtuse, the upper cauline leaves short; 

 stipules membranous, green, lanceolate or linear-oblong, 7-20 

 mm. long, entire or with few obsolete teeth; peduncles cauline; 

 flowers white; sepals broadly lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, sub- 

 acute, the appendage short, rounded, entire; petals 8-10 mm. 



long, the lateral ones slightly bearded inside at base, the lip 

 shorter than the other petals, purple-striate, the spur short, 



saccate, 2-3 mm. long. Apr.-May. Wet grassy places in 



lowlands and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 

 very common and variable. Korea, China, Manchuria, Sa- 

 khalin, s. Kuriles, Ussuri, Amur, and Formosa. 



Var. fibrillosa (W. Becker) Ohwi. V. fibrillosa W. Becker 



MiYAMA-TsuBO-suMiRE. Small alpine phase with short 



stems, smaller leaves and stipules. High mountains in Hon- 

 shu (Japan Sea side). 



Var. yakusimana (Nakai) Ohwi. V. ya\usimana Nakai 



KoKE-suMiRE. An extremely dwarf phase with leaves 



3-7 mm. wide and petals 4-5 mm. long. High mountains; 



Kyushu (Yakushima). 



Var. semilunaris Maxim. V. semilunaris (Maxim.) W. 



Becker Agi-sumire. Leaves depressed, broadly cordate 



with an open sinus at base. Occurs with the typical phase. 



Var. excisa (Hance) Maxim. V. excisa Hance Hime- 



AGi-suMiRE. Resembles var. semilunaris but smaller and with 

 long-creeping stems. 



43. Viola biflora L. Kibana-no-koma-no-tsume. Rhi- 

 zomes short, creeping, closely noded; stems ascending, 5-20 

 cm. long, loosely 3- or 4-leaved; leaf-blades reniform-cordate, 

 1-2 cm. long, 1,5-3.5 cm. wide, rounded at apex, cordate, un- 

 dulate-toothed, sparingly pilose on upper side and on nerves 

 beneath, the petioles 2-10 cm. long, 2-6 times as long as the 

 blades; upper cauline leaves short-petioled; stipules green, nar- 

 rowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long, subobtuse to 

 subacute, entire, loosely ciliolate; peduncles cauline, 2-5 cm. 

 long, with a pair of minute bracts; flowers yellow; sepals lan- 

 ceolate, subobtuse, 3-5 mm. long, the appendage short, 

 rounded, entire; petals 7-10 mm. long, glabrous, the lip with 

 dark brown striations, the spur short, semirounded, 1.5-2 mm. 

 long. June-July. Wet places in high mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.), Shikoku, Kyushu 

 (Yakushima) . Cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



44. Viola crassa Makino. V. biflora var. crassijolia Ma- 

 kino Takane-sumire. Glabrous or nearly so, deep-green, 



suffused with red-brown; rhizomes short, creeping, densely 

 noded; stems 5-12 cm. long, 3- or 4-leaved; leaf-blades thick, 

 lustrous, reniform-cordate or sometimes depressed-cordate, 1-2 

 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, rounded at apex, undulate-toothed, 

 the petioles 3 to 4 times as long as the blades; stipules ovate, 

 3—4 mm. long, subobtuse; peduncles cauline, 3-5 cm. long, 

 with a pair of small bracts on upper half; flowers deep yellow; 

 sepals narrowly oblong or broadly lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, 

 obtuse, the appendage semirounded, entire; petals 10-12 mm. 

 long, glabrous, the lip with dark-brown striations, the spur 

 short, semiglobose, about 1 mm. long, slightiy protruding be- 

 tween the sepals. July-Aug. Gravelly places in alpine re- 

 gions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.); rare. 



Kuriles and Kamchatka. 



45. Viola alliariaefolia Nakai. V. glabella var. reni- 

 folia Koidz.; V. brevistipulata var. reni folia (Koidz.) F. 



Maekawa Jin'y6-ki-sumire. Loosely soft-pubescent on 



nerves of leaves beneath and on margins; stems erect, 10-20 

 cm. long, 3- or 4-leaved; radical leaf-blades solitary or none, 

 reniform, 2-3 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, rounded to broadly 

 retuse, cordate, obtusely toothed or irregularly incised-toothed, 

 the petioles 2 to 4 times as long as the blades, the cauline 

 leaves simulating the basal, the upper ones usually smaller and 

 approximate, on very short petioles; stipules ovate, 2-3 mm. 



