642 



Violaceae; Flacourtiaceae 



long, acute with obsolete glandular teeth or subentire; pedun- 

 cles 2-5 cm. long, axillary in the upper stem leaves, with short 

 bracts; flowers yellow; sepals lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, obtuse, 

 the appendage short, entire; petals 10-12 mm. long, the lateral 

 ones slightly bearded inside at base, the spur short, about 2 

 mm. long; styles glabrous. July. Alpine regions; Hok- 

 kaido. 



46. Viola brevistipulata (Fr. & Sav.) W. Becker. V. 

 pubescens var. brevistipulata Fr. & Sav.; V. glabella sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Nutt.; V. \ishidae Nakai; V. flaviflora Nakai; V. 

 brevistipulata var. acuminata Nakai; V. brevistipulata var. 

 minor Nakai; V. lasiostipes Nakai Oba-ki-sumire. Gla- 

 brous or slightly pubescent with rather thick, creeping rhi- 

 zomes; stems erect, 15-30 cm. long, naked at base, 3- or 

 4-leaved on upper part; radical leaves 1 or 2, or absent, blades 

 5-8 (-10) cm. long and as wide, abruptly acute, sometimes with 

 an obtuse tip, cordate, obtusely undulate-toothed, the petioles 

 2 or 3 times as long as the blades; cauline leaves unequally 

 petioled; stipules broadly ovate, 4-7 mm. long, acute, entire, 

 ascending-spreading; peduncles 1-3, 3-7 cm. long, axillary in 

 the stem-leaves, with a pair of minute bracts; flowers yellow; 

 sepals narrowly lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, gradually narrowed 

 to an obtuse tip, the appendage very short, semirounded, en- 

 tire; petals 12-15 mm. long, obovate, the lateral ones bearded 

 inside, the spur very short, sUghtly protruding between the 



sepals. June-July. High mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(Mount Daisen in Hoki Prov., n. Kinki, and centr. distr. 

 northw.) ; rather common. 



Var. laciniata W. Becker. V. laciniata (W. Becker) Koidz. 

 ^FuGiRE-suMiRE. Leaves laciniately cut. High moun- 

 tains; Hokkaido. 



Var. hidakana (Nakai) S. Watanabe. V. hida\ana Nakai 



Ezo-Ki-suMiRE. Leaves thicker, rather firm, lustrous on 



both sides, often purplish beneath. July. Alpine; Hok- 

 kaido. 



47. Viola yubariana Nakai. F. glabella var. crassijolia 



Koidz. Shisoba-ki-sumire. Short-pilose on stems and 



petioles; stems 4-5 cm. long; radical leaves thick, orbicular, 

 2.5-4 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate with an obtuse tip, cor- 

 date with closed or overlapping edges, undulate-toothed, 

 purplish beneath; cauline leaves 3-4, sessile except the lowest; 

 stipules orbicular or broadly ovate, nearly entire; peduncles 

 axillary to the stem-leaves, 1-2 (-3.5) cm. long, with a pair of 

 small bracts; sepals 4-5 mm. long, lanceolate or broadly so, 

 acute or obtuse, the appendage semirounded; petals about 10 

 mm. long, yellow, with reddish nerves, the spur very short; 



capsules 6-7 mm. long. Hokkaido (alpine zone of Mount 



Yubari) ; rare. 



48. Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W. Becker. V. uniflora 

 var. orientalis Maxim.; V. xanthopetala Nakai; V. uniflora 

 sensu auct. Japon., non L.; V. uniflora var. glabricapsula Ma- 

 kino Ki-suMiRE. Puberulous or nearly glabrous except 



the leaves; rhizomes usually erect, with rather numerous, 

 horizontally spreading, thick roots; stems erect, 10-15 cm. 

 long, 3 (-4) -leaved, naked at base; radical leaf-blades cordate, 

 2.5^ cm. long and as wide, acute, sometimes with an obtuse 

 tip, undulate-toothed, the petioles tinged red-brown, 3-5 times 

 as long as the leaves; cauline leaves 3, broadly ovate to cor- 

 date, sometimes rounded at base, the lower ones short-petioled, 

 usually rather distant, the upper ones nearly opposite, sub- 

 sessile; stipules broadly ovate, 2-3 mm. long, acute, subentire; 

 peduncles 2-4 cm. long, with a pair of small bracts; flowers 

 yellow; sepals lanceolate, 6-8 mm. long, gradually narrowed 

 to an obtuse tip, the appendage ovate, entire, short; petals 

 12-15 mm. long, the lateral ones sometimes bearded inside, 



the spur very short. Apr.-May. Mountains; Honshu (Su- 



ruga. Bingo), Kyushu (n. distr.). Korea, Manchuria, and 



Ussuri. 



Fam. 140. FLACOURTIACEAE Iigiri Ka Flacourtia Family 



Trees or shrubs; leaves simple, alternate; stipules caducous; flowers usually bisexual but often unisexual (the plants monoecious 

 or dioecious); sepals imbricate or valvate, sometimes free, often similar to the petals; petals large, small, or absent, sometimes 

 with a scale inside, imbricate; stamens numerous, rarely few, free; ovary superior, 1-locular, the placentae parietal; ovules 2 or 



more; styles or stigmas as many as the placentae; fruit usually a berry or drupe, indehiscent; endosperm fleshy. About 70 



genera, with about 500 species, chiefly in the Tropics. 



lA. Leaves coriaceous, 4-8 cm. long, acute at base, penninerved, the petioles 2-5 mm. long, glandless; inflorescence axillary. . . 1. Xylosma 

 IB. Leaves herbaceous, 10-20 cm. long, cordate, palmately nerved, the petioles elongate, with glands at top; inflorescence terminal. . . 2. Idesia 



1. XYLOSMA G. Forst. 



KUSUDO-IGE ZoKU 



Dioecious or polygamous trees or shrubs usually with axillary spines; leaves coriaceous, toothed, short-petioled; stipules absent; 

 flowers small, in axillary panicles, with small bracts; sepals 4-5(-7), slightly connate at base, imbricate, usually ciliate; petals 

 absent; stamens many; disc glandlike or annular and surrounding the stamens; ovary l-locular, free, the placentae 2-3(-6); 

 styles short, alternate with the placentae, the stigmas slightly thickened and lobed; fruit a berry; seeds usually few, rather 

 flat, usually obovate. About 60 species, in the Tropics. 



1. Xylosma japonicum (Walp.) A. Gray. Apactis ja- 

 ponica Thunb.; Hisingera racemosa Sieb. & Zucc, non Presl; 

 Flacourtia japonica Walp.; H. japonica Sieb. & Zucc; X. 

 racemosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq.; Myroxylon japonicum 

 (Thunb.) Makino; X. congestum Merr.; X. apactis Koidz. 

 ^KusuDO-iGE. Evergreen dioecious shrub with spinelike 



short spurs in young individuals; branches red-brown, short- 

 pubescent when young; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 4-8 cm. 

 long, 3-4 (-5) cm. wide, acuminate sometimes with an obtuse 

 tip, acute at base, rounded when young, toothed, glabrous, 

 the petioles 2-5 mm. long; flowers in very short axillary 

 racemes, yellowish white, about 2.5 mm. across, short-pedi- 



