Elaeagnaceae 



647 



1. Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb. E. macrophylla var. 



typica C. K. Schn. Maruda-cumi. Slightly scandcnt 



evergreen shrub with white and pale brown scales while 

 young; leaves coriaceous, orbicular-ovate to broadly elliptic- 

 ovate, sometimes orbicular, 5-7 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, acute to 

 abruptly acuminate with an obtuse tip or rounded at both 

 ends, loosely white-scaly on upper surface while young, densely 

 white-scaly beneath, the petioles 1-2.5 cm. long; flowers few in 

 axils, the pedicels 5-8 (-10) mm. long, densely white-scaly, 

 sometimes also with reddish brown scales; calyx campanulate, 

 the tube abruptly narrowed at base, 4-5 mm. long, the lobes 

 broadly ovate, slightly shorter than the tube; fruit oblong, 

 white-scaly, 1.5-2 cm. long. Oct.-Nov. Thickets near sea- 

 shores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 s. Korea and Ryukyus. Hybrids are: 



Elaeagnus X tnaritima Koidz. E. hisauchii Makino; E. 



Uiil{iuensis Rehd. Akaba-gumi, Oba-tsuru-gumi. Hybrid 



of £. glabra X E. macrophylla. 



Elaeagnus X submacrophylla Serv. E. nikaii Nakai 



O-NAWASHiRo-GUMi. Hybrid allegedly of E. macrophylla X 

 E. pungens. 



2. Elaeagnus glabra Thunb. Tsuru-gumi. Scandent 

 evergreen shrub with spreading, rather slender, red-brown 

 scaly branches; leaves rather coriaceous, oblong to ovate-elliptic, 

 4-8 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, often caudate with an obtuse 

 tip, rounded to acute at base, often stellate-scaly on upper 

 surface while young, becoming glabrate, densely red-brown 

 scaly beneath, the petioles 7-10 mm. long; flowers few, axil- 

 lary, fasciculate, the pedicels red-brown scaly, 4-7 mm. long; 

 calyx-tube narrow, 4-5 mm. long, about twice as long as the 

 lobes; fruit oblong, 12-18 mm. long, red-brown scaly. Oct.- 

 Nov. Thickets in hills; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Elaeagnus X reflexa Morren & Decne. E. glabropuiigens 



Maxim, ex Nakai; £. hypoargentea Hatusima Maruba- 



TsuRU-cuMi, Uragin-tsuru-gumi. Hybrid of E. glabra X 



E. pungens. 



3. Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. Nawashiro-gumi. 

 Evergreen shrub; branchlets densely brown-scaly, frequenriy 

 reduced to spines; leaves coriaceous, oblong to narrowly so, 

 5-8 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, obtuse to acute with an obtuse 

 tip, rounded at base, obsoletely toothed with prominently un- 

 dulate margins, glabrous and lustrous on upper side, densely 

 whitish and usually also brown-scaly beneath; petioles 10-12 

 (-15) mm. long, brown-scaly; flowers few, fasciculate in axils, 

 the pedicels 5-8 mm. long, brown-scaly; calyx-tube 6-7 mm. 

 long, rather thick, abruptly narrowed at base, the lobes ovate- 

 rounded, about half as long as the tube; fruit oblong, about 1.5 



cm. long, brown-scaly. Oct.-Nov. Thickets in lowlands 



especially near the sea; Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



4. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. E. crispa Thunb.; E. 



umbellata var. typica C. K. Schn. Aki-cumi. Deciduous 



shrub with densely white-scaly branchlets becoming grayish 

 with age; leaves membranous, oblong-lanceolate, sometimes nar- 

 rowly oblong or broadly oblanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, 1-2 (-2.5) 

 cm. wide, subobtuse to acute with an obtuse tip, acute to 

 gradually so at base, thinly white-scaly on upper surface while 

 young, densely and persistently so beneath, the petioles 5-10 

 mm. long, white-scaly; flowers 1-7, fasciculate in axils, densely 

 white-scaly, the pedicels 3-6(-8) mm. long at anthesis to 12 

 mm. long in fruit; calyx-tube slender, gradually narrowed at 



base, 5-7 mm. long, the lobes narrowly ovate, about one-half 

 to two-thirds as long as the tube, acute to acuminate; fruit 



subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 6-8 mm. long. May. 



Thickets and thin woods in lowlands and hills; Hokkaido (w. 

 distr.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Common and variable. 



Var. coreana (Lev.) Lev. E. corcana Lev.; E. umbellata 



var. borcalis Ohwi Kara-aki-gumi, Michi-no-ku-aki-gumi. 



Leaves sparsely stellate-pilose on upper side. Honshu (n. 



distr.). Korea. 



Var. rotundifolia Makino. E. jragrans Nakai Maruba- 



AKi-GUMi. Branchlets thicker; leaves obovate to ovate, to 5 



cm. wide. Abundant near seashores; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. 



5. Elaeagnus montana Makino. Mame-gumi. Decidu- 

 ous shrub with densely brown-scaly young branchlets; leaves 

 chartaceous to somewhat membranous, elliptic, ovate to ob- 

 long, 3-8.5 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, rather abruptly acumi- 

 nate with an obtuse tip (especially at flowering time), acute to 

 rounded at base, loosely white-scaly or glabrous on upper side, 

 densely white- and red-brown scaly beneath, the petioles 5-8 

 mm. long; flowers 1-3, usually solitary, axillary, the pedicels 

 about 1 cm. long at anthesis, 1-3 cm. long in fruit, thickened 

 in upper part, whitish scaly; calyx-tube abruptly constricted 

 above the ovary, the lobes large, broadly ovate, 3-4 mm. long, 

 acute or abruptly so; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, about 1 cm. long. 

 May-July. Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Var. ovata (Maxim.) Araki. E. longipes var. ovata 

 Maxim.; E. tsuhjiibana Makino; E. ni\oensis Nakai; E. multi- 

 flora var. tsul^ubana (Makino) Ohwi Tsukuba-gumi, Nik- 



KO-NATsu-GUMi. Branchlets red-brown scaly; leaves green, 

 with fulvous stellate hairs on upper surface while young, 

 densely white-scaly and loosely brown stellate-hairy beneath; 



calyx-tube red-brown scaly. Honshu (Iwaki to Shinano 



Prov.). 



6. Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. E. longipes A. Gray; 

 E. multiflora var. crispa (Maxim.) Serv.; E. longipes var. 



crispa Maxim., excl. syn. Natsu-gumi. Deciduous shrub 



or small tree with red-brown scales on young branchlets; 

 leaves elliptic, ovate to obovate-oblong, 3-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. 

 wide, obtuse to acute at both ends (especially at flowering 

 time), loosely stellate-pilose while young, densely white- and 

 brown-scaly beneath; flowers 1 or 2, usually solitary, axillary, 

 densely white- and sparsely brown-scaly; corolla-tube con- 

 stricted at base, nearly as long to 1.5 times as long as the 

 broadly ovate abruptly acute lobes; fruit oblong, about 1.5 cm. 



long, on a slender pendulous pedicel 1.5-5 cm. long. Apr.- 



May. Thickets and thin woods in lowlands and mountains; 

 Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and variable; 

 often cultivated. 



Var. hortensis (Maxim.) Serv. E. edulis Cair.; E. longipes 



var. hortensis Maxim. T6-cumi. Leaves elliptic, loosely 



stellate-pilose on upper side while young; fruit larger. Oc- 

 curs with the typical phase. 



Var. angustifolia (Nakai) Makino & Nemoto. E. longipes 

 var. angustijolia Nakai Hosoba-natsu-gumi. Leaves nar- 

 row, loosely white-scaly on upper side. 



Var. jucundicocca (Koidz.) Ohwi. E. jucundicocca 



Koidz.; E. iscnsis Makino Sai-gumi, Isuzu-gumi. Leaves 



narrow, with white-stellate scalelikc hairs on upper side while 

 young; pedicels 4-5 cm. long. Honshu (Kinki Distr.). 



7. Elaeagnus murakamiana Makino. Arima-cumi. 

 Deciduous shrub, the branchlets densely red-brown scaly and 



