Onagraceae 



655 



2. CERCAEA L. Mizu-tama-s6 Zoku 



Perennial herbs, glabrous or short-pubescent; leaves membranous, petioled, opposite, ovate, toothed or subentirc; flowers di- 

 merous, in terminal or axillary racemes, small, white or rose, the bracts absent or small; calyx-tube ovoid, adnate to and 

 constricted above the ovary, die lobes 2; petals 2, obcordate or obovate, inserted on the margin of the ovary-disc; stamens 2, 

 alternate widi the petals; ovary 1- or 2-locular; style filiform, the stigma capitate; ovules usually solitary and ascending on the 



inner side of each locule, rarely paired and collateral; fruit obovoid, indehiscent, uncinate-pilose, with 1 seed in each locule. 



About 10 species in the temperate to northern parts of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Fruit 2-locular, often sulcate, 2-seeded, obovoid-clavate to globose; petals much shorter than the calyx-lobes; plants 20-60 cm. high, 

 glabrous to pubescent. 

 2A. Plant green throughout; stems and often the axis of inflorescence glandular-puberulent, and loosely long spreading pubescent; leaves 



ovate-cordate, puberulent; fruit globose, sulcate; pedicels shorter to as long as the fruit 1. C. cordata 



2B. Stems and inflorescence often reddish, glabrous or puberulent; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, cuneate to rounded at base; fruit obovoid; 

 pedicels as long as to longer than the fruit. 

 3A. Axis of inflorescence rather thick, usually short-pubescent, rarely glabrous; fruit broadly obovoid, sulcate; pedicels as long as to 

 1.5 times as long as the fruit; leaves mostly cuneate, rarely rounded at base; petals deeply bifid. 



4A. Stems recurved-puberulent; leaves slightly puberulent; axis of inflorescence glabrous or loosely puberulent 2. C. mollis 



4B. Stems glabrous or slightly puberulent; leaves nearly glabrous except the puberulent margins; axis of inflorescence rather densely 



short glandular-puberulent 3. C. quadristilcata 



3B. Axis of inflorescence slender, glabrous; fruit narrowly obovoid or obovoid-clavate, not sulcate; pedicels 3 to 5 times as long as the 



fruit; leaves rounded at base; petals emarginate 4. C. erubescens 



IB. Fruit 1-locular, not sulcate, 1-seedcd, clavate; petals nearly as long as the calyx-lobes; plant 5-10 cm. high, rarely 20 cm. high, glabrous, 

 reddish; leaves deltoid-ovate, 1-3 cm. long, cordate 5. C. alpina var. cauUscens 



1. Circaea cordata Royle. C. cardiophylla Makino nate, rounded to shallowly cordate to cuneate at base, obscurely 



UsHiT.\Ki-so. Green perennial 40-60 cm. high, with creep- mucronate-toothed, glabrous except the puberulent margins, 



ing rhizomes; stems branched, glandular-puberulent and the petioles shorter than the leaves; inflorescence elongate after 



loosely long spreading-pubescent; leaves ovate-cordate to anthesis, the axis rather densely short-glanduiar-puberulent; 



broadly ovate, 7-12 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, abruptly acumi- petals about 2/3 as long as the calyx-lobes, bifid to the middle; 



nate, shallowly cordate to rounded at base, subentire or indis- fruit broadly obovoid, about 3 mm. across, sulcate, uncinate- 



tincdy mucronate-toothed, puberulent, the petioles 3-10 cm. pilose, the pedicels as long as to 1.5 times as long as the fruit. 



long, with spreading short and long hairs; inflorescence 7-15 Moist grassy places; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.). 



cm. long, rather densely spreading glandular-puberulent, the Sakhalin, Korea, Manchuria, n. China, e. Siberia, and 



axis rather thick; petals with 2 deep narrow lobes, about 1/3- Altai. 



1/2 as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit nearly globose, about 3 4. Circaea erubescens Fr. & Sav. C. lutetianavsr. inler- 



mm. across, sulcate, densely yellow-brown uncinate-hairy and media Lev.; C. lutetiana subsp. erubescens (Fr. & Sav.) Lev.; 



loosely puberulent, the pedicels shorter than to as long as the C. }{au>akamii Hayata Tani-tade. Slenderly stoloniferous, 



fruit. Moist woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku. Ko- nearly glabrous rubescent herb, thinly puberulent while very 



rea, Manchuria, Ussuri, China, Formosa, and n. India. young; stems 20-50 cm. long; leaves ovate or narrowly so, 



2. Circaea mollis Sieb. & Zucc. C. quadrisidcata Fr. & 3-7 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded at base, 

 Sav., excl. syn.; C. coreana Lev.; C. lutetiana \3X. taquetii Lev. sparsely short-toothed, the petioles 2-5 cm. long, reddish; in- 



Mizu-TAMA-s6. Rhizomatous and stoloniferous; stems florescence glabrous, die axis slender, 6-10 cm. long; calyx 



20-50 cm. long, recurved-puberulent; leaves narrowly ovate to usually reddish; petals obovate, emarginate, about 1/2 as long 



narrowly ovate-oblong, 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, ascend- as the calyx-lobes; fruit narrowly ovoid to obovoid-clavate, 2- 



ing-puberulent, gradually acuminate, cuneate to acute, rarely 2.5 mm. across, not sulcate, short, uncinate-pilose, the pedicels 



rounded at base, loosely mucronate-toothed, the petioles 1-4 slender, 3-5 times as long as the fruit. July-Sept. Moist 



cm. long, puberulous; inflorescence elongate after anthesis, to woods; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa 



15 cm. long, the axis rather thick, glabrous or loosely puberu- and China. 



lent; calyx-lobes broadly ovate-elliptic; petals obovate, mod- 5. Circaea alpina L. var. caulescens Komar. C. caules- 



erately or deeply bifid, 1/2-2/3 as long as the calyx-lobes; fruit ccns (Komar.) Nakai Miyama-tani-tade. Delicate, red- 



broadly obovoid, 3-4 mm. across, sulcate, uncinate-pilose, the dish, glabrous, stoloniferous herb, 5-10 cm. high, rarely 20 



pedicels 1-1.5 times as long as the fruit. Aug.-Sept. Woods cm. high; stems glabrous or loosely puberulent; leaves deltoid- 



in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ko- ovate to ovate, 1-3 cm. long, 7-20 mm. wide, acute, open- 



rea, China, and Indochina. cordate to rounded-truncate at base, thinly puberulent on up- 



Var. ovata (Honda) Hara. C. quadrisulcata var. ovata per surface or only toward margin, with few acute teeth, the 



Honda Hiro-ha-mizu-tam.\-s6. Leaves ovate, rounded petioles 1-2 cm. long, reddish; inflorescence glabrous, 3-5 cm. 



to slighdy cordate at base, long-petioled. Honshu (Shinio- long; calyx-lobes reddish; petals nearly as long as the calyx- 



tsuke and Iwaki Prov.) ; rare. lobes; fruit clavate, about 1.5 mm. across, not sulcate, 1-locular, 



3. Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Fr. & Sav. C. lute- I-secded, loosely soft uncinate-pilose, the pedicels slender, 1.5- 



tiana sensu auct. Japon., non L.; C. lutetiana forma qtiadri- 2.5 times as long as the fruit. July-Aug. Moist woods in 



sulcata Ma.xim.; C. mollis var. maximoiviczii Lev.; C. maxi- mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather com- 



mou-iczii (Lev.) Hara Yama-tani-tade. Stems 30-40 cm. mon. Widely distributed in the temperate and northern 



long, glabrous or slightly puberulent; leaves narrowly ovate to parts of the N. Hemisphere. 



narrowly ovate-oblong, 4-14 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acumi- 



