662 Araliaceae 



or heads; flowers bisexual or polygamous (plants sometimes dioecious), actinomorphic, small; calyx superior, small, entire 

 or dentate; petals 3 or more, usually 5, valvate or slightly imbricate in bud, usually free; stamens free, usually as many as the 

 petals and alternate with them, the disc superior to the ovary, often inserted at the base of the style; ovary 1- to many-locular; 

 styles free or connate; ovules solitary and pendulous from the top of the locule, anatropous; fruit a berry or drupe; seeds with 

 copious endosperm and a small embryo. About 60 genera, with about 900 species, chiefly in the Tropics. 



lA. Leaves pinnately compound 1. Aralia 



IB. Leaves simple or palmately compound. 

 2A. Herbs; leaves palmately compound, falsely verticillate on top of a naked simple stem; petals more or less imbricate in bud. 



2. Panax 

 2B. Woody plants; petals valvate in bud. 



3A. Evergreen vfoody vine, climbing or scrambling, with adventitious roots on the stems; leaves simple, entire or 2- or 3-lobed. 



3. Hedera 

 3B. Trees or shrubs, not vines. 

 4A. Leaves evergreen. 



5A. Leaves palmately compound 4. Schefflem 



5B. Leaves simple, palmately lobed or partly undivided. 



6A. Shrubs; leaves 7- to 9-lobed; inflorescence a large terminal panicle 5. Fatsia 



6B. Trees; leaves entire and undivided, or 3-lobed in young individuals; inflorescence simple or slightly branched. 



6. Dendropanax 

 4B. Leaves deciduous. 



7A. Leaves palmately compound into leaflets. 



8A. Stones of the fruit laterally flattened; leaves (in ours) 5-foliolate 7. Acanthopanax 



8B. Stones of the fruit dorsally flattened; leaves 3-foliolate 8. Eeodiopanax 



7B. Leaves simple, or often palmately lobed. 



9A. Shrub, densely aculeolate-prickly on stems and leaves; styles free; leaves with spines; calyx-teeth obscure. ... 9. Oplopanax 

 9B. Tree, with large flattened prickles on stems and branches; styles mostly connate; leaves unarmed; calyx-teeth minute. 



10. Kalopanax 



1. ARALIA L. Tara-no-ki Zoku 



Shrubs or herbs, sometimes prickly; leaves pinnately compound or ternate-pinnate, toothed; stipules adnate to base of the 

 petioles; umbels usually compound, the bracts small; flowers usually polygamous; calyx-limb distinct, truncate or minutely 

 5-toothed; petals 5, ovate, slightly imbricate in bud; stamens 5; ovary usually 5-locular; styles as many as the locules of ovary, free 



or connate toward the base; fruit a berrylike drupe, the stones 2-5, ovate or oblong, flat, rounded. ^About 30 species, in e. 



and s. Asia, Malaysia, Australia, and N. America. 



lA. Deciduous shrub, often densely prickly on stems and leaves; inflorescence a compound raceme, the main axis not developed. . . \. A. data 

 IB. Herbs, without prickles; inflorescence simple or sparsely branched, the umbels terminal, the axis simple or elongate. 



2A. Plant green, loosely pilose throughout, except the flowers; flowers pale green 2. A. cordata 



2B. Plant purplish, mostly glabrous throughout, except for scattered appressed hairs on leaves; flowers purplish Z. A. glabra 



1. Aralia data (Miq.) Seem. Dimorphanthus elatus 2. Aralia cordata Thunb. A. edulis Sieb. & Zucc; A. 



Miq.; A. canescens Sieb. & Zucc; D. mandshuricus Rupr. & nutans Fr. & Sav.; Dimorphanthus edulis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. 



Maxim.; A. mandshuricus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.; A. Udo. Large stout perennial herb 1-1.5 m. high, loosely 



spinosa var. canescens (Sieb. & Zucc.) Fr. & Sav. and var. gla- short-pilose throughout except the flowers; leaves alternate, 



brescens Fr. & Sav. Tara-no-ki. Deciduous erect large few, large, deltoid in outline, 50-100 cm. long, twice pinnate, 



shrub with simple or sparsely branched thick prickly stems; the petioles long, with a small stipule on each side at base, the 



leaves alternate, very large, terminal and densely rosulate on leaflets 5-7 on each pinna, ovate to oblong, or ovate-elliptic, 



the branches, deltoid in outline, 50-100 cm. long, twice pinnate, 5-30 cm. long, 3-20 cm. wide, acuminate, toothed, sessile or 



prickly, the leaflets 5-9 on each pinna, subsessile, ovate, elliptic, short-pedoluled; inflorescence a loosely branched terminal 



or narrowly ovate, 5-12 cm. long, 2-7 cm. wide, acuminate, raceme, axillary on upper part of stem; flowers pale green, 



irregularly toothed, loosely pubescent on both sides, densely so about 3 mm. across; fruit ovoid-globose, about 2 mm. long, 



on nerves and whitish beneath; inflorescence a terminal com- glabrous, purple-black, the stones smooth; styles about 1 mm. 



pound raceme, very large, 30-50 cm. long, densely brownish long, spreading, slightly recurved, connate toward base to form 



curved-pubescent, the main axis very short or obsolete; flowers a column. Aug. Thickets and thin woods especially along 



white, about 3 mm. across; fruit globose, black, about 3 mm. streams and ravines; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



across, the stones with obscure granular striations; styles 5, free, frequently cultivated and the shoots eaten as a vegetable. 



filiform, slightly recurved, about 1.5 mm. long. Aug. Sakhalin, Manchuria, Korea, and China. 



Thickets and thin woods in lowlands and hills; Hokkaido, Var. sachalinensis (Regel) Nakai. A. racemosa var. sacha- 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. ^Korea, Sakhalin, linensis'&.e.gtl Karafuto-udo. Calyx-tube pubescent. 



Amur, Ussuri, Manchuria, and s. Kuriles. Hokkaido and Honshu. 



Var. subinermis Ohwi. A. spinosa var. canescens Fr. & 3. Aralia glabra Matsum. Miyama-udo. Nearly gla- 



Sav.; A. elata var. canescens (Fr. & Sav.) Nakai ^Medara. brous purplish herb 80-100 cm. high, with thick rhizomes; 



Plant less prickly, densely brownish or yellowish pubescent. stems rather stout, few-leaved; leaves petioled, twice ternate- 

 Occurs with the typical phase. pinnate, the leaflets membranous, usually petioluled, ovate-cor- 



