Araliaceae 



663 



date to ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, 

 acuminate-caudate, toothed, with appressed callose hairs on 

 upper side, nerves beneath often short-pilose; inflorescence 

 racemose-umbellate, branched, terminal and from upper axils, 

 peduncled, glabrous or nearly so, often purplish, umbels with 

 very short bracts, the pedicels very slender, 1-2 cm. long; 



flowers about 3 mm. across; petals purplish green, minutely 

 papillose on upper margin, subglobose, about 3 mm. long, 

 purple-black, glabrous; styles about 1 mm. long, connate to- 

 ward base, free and subrecurved at tip. June-Aug. Dense 



woods in mountains; Honshu (Kanto and ccntr. distr.); rather 

 rare. 



2. PANAX L. NiNjiN ZoKu 



Perennial polygamodioecious herbs with thick rhizomes or roots; stems simple, with few membranous scales at base; leaves 

 3-5, falsely verricillate and terminal on the naked stems, petioled, palmately compound, the leaflets petioluled; inflorescence um- 

 bellate, the umbels solitary or few, terminal, on long peduncles, die pedicels jointed below the fertile flowers, not jointed in the 

 staminate flowers; calyx-teeth 5; petals 5, slightly imbricate in bud; stamens 5, the disc flat; ovary 3- or 4-locular; styles 3 or 4, 



free in fertile flowers, connate in the staminate; fruit with a rather fleshy pericarp, stones 2-A. Few species, in e. Asia, India, 



and N. America. 



1. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. P. schinseng var. ja- 

 ponica Nees; P. quinqtiejolium var. subsessilis Miq.; P. repens 

 Maxim.; Aralia repens (Maxim.) Makino; A. quinqtiejolia var. 

 repens (Maxim.) BurkiU; P. ginseng var. japonicum Makino 



TocHiBA-NiNjiN. Perennial 50-80 cm. high with rather 



thick, nodose, creeping rhizomes; stems erect, simple, glabrous; 

 leaves 3-5 in terminal false-verticils, palmately 3- to 7-, usually 

 5-foliolate, the petioles 5-10 cm. long, the leaflets membranous, 

 green, irregularly toothed, die lateral ones gradually smaller, 

 the median oblanceolate to obovate or obovate-oblong, 10-30 

 cm. long inclusive of the petiolule, 2-7 cm. wide, long-acumi- 

 nate to caudate; umbels solitary or sometimes 2-A, many- 



flowered, the bracts minute, smoodi, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, 

 slender, slightly scabrous; flowers yellowish green, about 3 mm. 

 across; fruit globose, 4-5 mm. long, red, sometimes black 



above; styles 2(-4), free, recurved, about 1.5 mm. long. 



June-Aug. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; rather rare. 



Panax schinseng Nees. Ninjin, Otane-ninjin. Closely 

 resembles the preceding species, but differs chiefly in the very 

 short indistinct rhizomes and stout, fusiform, rarely forked 

 main roots. Often cultivated in our area as a Chinese drug 

 plant. Korea and Manchuria. 



3. HEDERA L. 



KlZUTA ZoKU 



Evergreen woody climbers or scramblers with adventitious hold-fast roots on the stems; leaves simple or lobed, often with 

 stellate hairs or scales; stipules absent; umbels forming a paniclehke inflorescence, the bracts minute or absent; flowers bi- 

 sexual; calyx-limb obsolete and endre or 5-toothed; petals 5; stamens 5; ovary 5- or 4-locular, subinferior; styles 5, connate the 

 whole length, the stigmas obsoletely 5-lobed; fruit a berrylike subglobose drupe, with 4 or 5 stones; seeds solitary in each stone, 

 the embryo ruminate. Few species, in Europe, N. Africa, and Asia. 



1. Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean. H. helix T\i\inh.,non 

 L.; H. helix forma rhombea Miq.; H. japonica W. Paul, non 



Jungh.; H. japonica Tobler; H. tobleri Nakai Kizuta, Fu- 



YuzuTA. Branches gray-brown, the scales stellately 15- to 20- 

 lobed, yellowish; leaves on flowering branches coriaceous, 

 broadly lanceolate to ovate-orbicular, usually rhombic-ovate, 3-6 

 cm. long, 1-A cm. wide, subobtuse, acute to rounded at base, 

 deep green and lustrous on upper side, paler beneath, simple, 

 entire or 2- or 3-lobed, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; juvenile leaves 



on nonflowering vegetative shoots subdeltoid, palmately 3(-5)- 

 lobed, truncate to cordate at base; flowers green-yellow, 4-5 

 mm. across, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long; fruit black, globose, 

 6-7 mm. across, with an orbicular terminal disc about 4 mm. 



across and short persistent st^'le. Oct.-Nov. Thickets and 



woods especially near the sea; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



common. Forma pedunculata (Nakai) Hatusima. H. 



pedunculata Nakai Nagabo-kizuta. Peduncles and pedi- 

 cels longer, the latter 2-4 cm. long. Kyushu. Rj^ukyus. 



4. SCHEFFLERA Forst. 



FUKA-NO-KI ZoKU 



Evergreen shrubs or trees, sometimes epiphytic, without prickles or spines; leaves mostly palmately compound, petioled, the 

 leaflets coriaceous, entire or with irregular incisions; stipules prominent, usually adnate to base of petioles; inflorescence racemose 

 or paniculate, the umbels rarely subcapitate, the bracts woolly, the pedicels not jointed beneath the flo\\'er; calyx-limb entire 

 or toothed; petals 5-8, sometimes more, valvate; stamens as many as the petals; styles connate to form a column, or very short; 

 fruit subglobose; seeds flattened. Many species in the Old World Tropics. 



1. SchefBera octophylla (Lour.) Harms. Aralia oc- 

 tophylla Lour.; Agalina octophyllum (Lour.) Seem.; Hepta- 

 pleurum octophyllum (Lour.) Hance; A. lutchuense Nakai 

 FuKA-No-Ki. Evergreen tree; branchlets thick, spread- 

 ing, with large V-shaped leaf-scars, densely brownish stellate- 

 puberulent while young; leaves 7- to 10-foliolate, the petioles 



15-30 cm. long, the leaflets narrowly oblong or narrowly obo- 

 vate-oblong, unequal, 7-20 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, entire or 

 in young plants often irregularly pinnately incised, abrupdy 

 acute, acute to obtuse at base, the petiolules 2-5 cm. long; 

 stipules semirounded, adnate on back to base of petioles; in- 

 florescence terminal, rather much branched, about 20 cm. long. 



