672 



Umbelliferae 



mate lobes acute or acuminate, toothed, with spreading, white, 

 setulose hairs at least on the nerves beneath, the cauline leaves 

 similar and gradually reduced upward, the upper petioles re- 

 duced to a white-pilose sheath; umbels numerous, glabrous, the 

 involucre absent, the umbellets 5-12, glabrous, on rays 3-4 cm. 

 long, rather many-flowered, the bractlets of the involucels 4-8, 

 recurved, pale green, membranous, oblong to lanceolate, ab- 

 ruptly caudately acuminate, 3-8 mm. long, ciliate; pedicels 

 smooth, short-setulose near the apex; fruit lanceolate, dark gray 



and slightly lustrous at maturity, 5-8 mm. long, glabrous or 

 with short, ascending, callose tubercles, as long as to half as 

 long as the pedicels. May-June., fruiting June-July. Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common in mountains. 



e. Europe, Caucasus, Siberia, Kamchatka, Kuriles, Sakhalin, 

 Korea, Manchuria, and China. 

 Var. hirtifructus (Ohwi) Hara. A. nemorosa var. hirti- 



jructus Ohwi Kejaku. Rather densely pilose, the fruit 



yellowish setulose. Occurs with the typical phase. 



6. OSMORfflZA Raf. Yabu-ninjin Zoku 



More or less pilose perennials; leaves triternate, the lobes or segments pinnately lobed or toothed; umbels few to rather 

 numerous, the involucre and involucel minute or absent; flowers white; calyx-teeth obsolete; petals obovate or oblong, refuse, 

 incurved at apex; stylopodium conical, entire; fruit narrowly oblanceolate or broadly linear, gradually narrowed at base, de- 

 current on the pedicels, the carpels 5-angled, nearly terete in cross section, the ribs evident, setose, the vittae numerous, weak 



or obscure, the carpophore slender, bifid, the seeds flattened dorsally, grooved on the face. Few species in India, e. Asia, 



N. and S. America. 



1. Osmorhiza aristata (Thunb.) Makino & Yabe. 

 Chaerophyllmn aristatum Thunb.; O. japonica Sieb. & Zucc. 

 Yabu-ninjin. White-pilose perennial with thick ascend- 

 ing rhizomes; stems erect, sparingly branched above, 40-60 

 cm. long, solid, few-leaved; radical leaves long-petiolate, the 

 blades deltoid, 2 or 3 times ternately pinnate, 10-20 cm. long, 

 the primary pinnae deltoid-ovate, acute, the ultimate segments 

 thin, ovate or oblong, toothed, green, the cauline leaves sessile, 

 shordy sheathing at base; umbels 2 or 3 on long peduncles, 

 the involucre of lanceolate, acuminate, recurved, deciduous 

 bracts, the rays 3-6, 5-10 cm. long, smooth, spreading-ascend- 

 ing, the umbellets 5- to 10-flowered, the involucel bractlets 5 or 

 6, lanceolate, recurved, acuminate, membranous, 5-8 mm. long; 

 fruit linear-oblanceolate, 18-20 mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide. 



appressed-setose, narrowed gradually toward base, the pedicels 

 about as long as the fruit, loosely setose on upper part, the 

 styles slender, 2.5-3 mm. long, including the conical stylo- 

 podium. Apr .-May. Woods in hills and low mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very comimon. 



Korea, China, and Formosa to India. 

 Var. montana Makino. O. amurensh F. Schmidt; O. mon- 



tana (Makino) Makino Miyama-yabu-ninjin, Onaga- 



YABU-NiNjiN. Less pubescent, the primary leaf segments 

 acuminate, the ultimate segments or lobes smaller, narrower. 



^May-June, fruiting June-Aug. Woods in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.). e. Siberia, 



Korea, Sakhalin, and s. Kuriles. 



7. TORILIS Spreng. Yabujirami Zoku 



Coarsely hirsute annuals or perennials; leaves 2 or 3 times ternately pinnate, with small ultimate segments; umbels numerous, 

 usually opposite the leaves, the bracts and bractlets few, linear; flowers white; calyx-teeth deltoid-lanceolate, firm, persistent, 

 acute; petals obovate, emarginate at the incurved or slighdy bifid apex; stylopodium conical, the styles short; fruit ovoid, widi a 

 groove on the commissure, the carpels densely prickly with scaberulous prickles, the vittae solitary in the intervals, 2 on the 



commissure; seeds deeply grooved on the face. About 20 species, chiefly in the Mediterranean region, a few in S. Africa and 



e. Asia. 



lA. Fruits 4-10, ovoid, 2.5-3 mm. long, in a dense umbellet; fruit-prlckles short, gradually upward-curved 1. T. japonica 



IB. Fruits 3-6, oblong, 4.5-6 mm. long, in a loose umbellet; fruit-prickles rather long, spreading 2. T. scabra 



1. Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. Caucalis japonica 

 Houtt.; T. anthriscus Gmel., non Gaertn.; T. anthriscus var. ja- 

 ponica (DC.) H. Boiss. Yabujirami. Biennial with 



short, appressed, setose hairs throughout; stems erect, 30-70 

 cm. long, retrorsely hirsute; lower cauline leaves petiolate, 

 green, ovate-deltoid, 5-10 cm. long, acute, twice ternately pin- 

 nate, appressed-hirsute, the ultimate segments narrowly ovate, 

 pinnatifid, the upper cauline leaves rather small, sessile, acumi- 

 nate; umbels few, pedunculate, the involucral bracts 4-8, lin- 

 ear, about half as long as the rays, suberect, the involucel 

 bractlets linear, appressed to the pedicels, rather unequal, as 

 long as to shorter than the fruit, the pedicels 2-4 mm. long, 

 ascending; fruits 4-10, crowded, ovoid, 2.5-3 (-3.5) mm. long, 

 densely covered widi short, scabrous, slightly uncinate prickles. 



May-July. Grassy places and thickets in lowlands and 



hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Europe and Caucasus, Africa, n. and e. Asia, naturalized in 

 s. Asia. 



2. Torilis scabra (Thunb.) DC. Chaerophyllum scab- 

 rum Thunb.; Caucalis scabra (Thunb.) Makino O- yabu- 

 jirami. Resembling the preceding species; stems 30-70 cm. 

 long, branched above; lower cauline leaves 5-10 cm. long, the 

 ultimate segments pinnatifid; umbels pedunculate, the rays 

 2-3, rarely 4, 2-3 cm. long, the bracts of the involucre 1 or 

 none, short, filiform, the involucel bractlets linear, ascend- 

 ing, as long as the fruiting pedicel; fruits 3-6, oblong, 4.5-6 

 mm. long, about as long as the pedicels, appressed-pilose be- 

 tween the spreading, scabrous, slighdy uncinate prickles. 



May-July. Grassy places and thickets in lowlands and hills; 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



China, and s. Korea. 



