CORNACEAE 687 



I A. Inflorescence or flowers borne on upper leaf surface; leaves alternate 1- Hdwingia 



IB. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, not borne on a leaf; leaves usually opposite. 



2A. Flowers in terminal panicles; plants dioecious; leaves evergreen; large shrub 2. Aucttba 



2B. Flowers in corymbs or umbels; plants bisexual, leaves deciduous; rarely low evergreen herbs 3. Cornus 



1. HELWINGIA Willd. Hana-ikada Zoku 



Glabrous deciduous dioecious shrubs; leaves simple, alternate, toothed, the stipules free, filiform; flowers few, small, fasciculate, 

 borne on the midrib on the upper side of leaves, the pedicels short; calyx-lobes obsolete; petals 3-5, commonly 4, valvate in bud; 

 stamens 3-5, the filaments rather thick; disc flat in the staminate, depressed-conical in the pistillate flowers; ovary 3- or 4-locular; 

 styles connate, the stigmas 3-5; drupe berryhke, 1- to 4-stoned. Three species, in e. Asia and the Himalayas. 



1. Helwingia japonica (Thunb.) F. G. Dietr. Osyris pedicels 3-4 mm. long; petals 4(3-5), ovate-deltoid; fruit 



japonica Thunb.; H. rusciflora Willd. Hana-ikada. Gla- black, globose, about 7 mm. across; stones 2-4, oblong, 6-7 



brous shrub about 2 m. high, with green branchlets; leaves mm. long, with raised reticulations on surface. May. 



ovate or elliptic, 3-10 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acuminate. Woods and thickets in hills and low mountains; Hokkaido 



short awn-toothed, the petioles 2-4 cm. long; flowers pale (sw. distr.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ryu- 



green, 4-5 mm. wide, the staminate few, the pisrillate 1-3, die kyus. 



2. AUCUBA Thunb. Ao-ki Zoku 



Evergreen dioecious shrubs widi rather thick branchlets; leaves opposite, simple, petiolate, toothed; stipules absent; flowers 

 small, in terminal panicles; staminate flowers small, the calyx 4-toothed, the petals 4, valvate, ovate or lanceolate, the stamens 

 4, widi short filaments; disc fleshy; pisdllate flowers; small, the calyx-tube ovoid, with 4 teeth on die limb, the petals 4, disc 

 fleshy, the st^'le thick, short, with an entire stigma, the ovary 1-locular, the ovules pendulous; drupe ellipsoidal, red, rarely white 

 or yellow; stones oblong, the endosperm fleshy. ^Few species, in e. Asia and the Himalayas. 



1. Aucuba japonica Thunb. Eubasis dichotoma Salisb. cles 1-2 cm. long; peduncles and pedicels short-pubescent; 



Ao-Ki. Nearly glabrous evergreen shrub to 3 m. high, fruit ellipsoidal to ovoid-ellipsoidal, red, glabrous, lustrous, 



with thick terete green dichotomously forked branches; leaves 15-20 mm. long. Mar.-May. Woods in lowlands and 



oblong to ovate-oblong, rarely broadly lanceolate or ellipdc, mountains; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, 



8-20 cm. long, 2-10 cm. wide, black when dried, acute to Kyushu; common. Variable and with many cultivars grown 



acuminate with an obtuse tip, subacute at base, obtusely in gardens. 



toothed, lustrous and deep green on upper side, the pedoles Var. borealis Miyabe & Kudo. Hime-ao-ki. Plant smaller, 



2-3 cm. long; flowers about 7 mm. across, the petals short- usually minutely pubescent on petioles, under side of leaves, 



acuminate, reflexed, brown to dark purple, rarely green inside, and on young branchlets. Hokkaido and Japan Sea side of 



the staminate in panicles 7-10 cm. long, the pistillate in pani- Honshu. 



3. CORNUS L. Mizu-ki Zoku 



Deciduous, rarely evergreen, trees and shrubs or rarely evergreen herbs; leaves simple, petiolate, entire, alternate or opposite; 

 inflorescence terminal in corymbs or umbels; involucres prominent or absent; flowers bisexual, small, usually white; caly.x-tube 

 urceolate or campanulate; petals 4, oblong, valvate in bud, deciduous; ovary 2-locular; styles columnar, simple, the stigma capi- 

 tate, clavate, or truncate; ovules solitary in each locule; drupe globose or ellipsoidal, the stones solitary, 2-locular, 1-seeded in 

 each locule, the testa membranous, the endosperm fleshy. About 40 species, in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Inflorescence bractless, cymose. 



2A. Leaves alternate; stones pitted at tip \. C. controversa 



2B. Leaves opposite; stones unpitted 2. C. brachypoda 



IB. Inflorescence bractcatc, umbellate, or capitate. 

 'i\. Trees. 



"lA. Flowers yellow, before the leaves, the involucral bracts not exceeding the inflorescence in length, early deciduous. . . 3. C. officinalis 



4B. Flowers yellow-green, following the leaves, the involucral bracts longer than the inflorescence, persistent 4. C l{ousa 



3B. Herbs. 



5.^. Flowering stems with 6 leaves crowded at the top; petals usually white; ovary densely appresscd-hairy 5. C. canadensis 



5B. Flowering stems with 4 or 5 distinct pairs of opposite leaves; petals usually purplish; ovary usually sparingly appressed-hairy. 



6. C. suecica 



1. Comus controversa Hemsl. C. macrophylla scnsu ncath, siiort apprcssed-hairy on upper side when young, per- 



auct. Japon., non Wall.; C. ignorata sensu Fr. & Sav., non K. sistcnt beneath, the lateral nerves of 5-8 pairs, the petioles 



Koch Mizu-ki. Deciduous tree with grayish bark longi- reddish, glabrescent, 1.5-6 cm. long; inflorescence many-flow- 



tudinally fissured when old; branchlets glabrous, green, some- crcd, cymose, minutely pubcrulent; flowers white; calyx-tube 



times reddish; leaves alternate, broadly ovate to elliptic, 5-12 with appressed white hairs; petals narrowly oblong, 4-5 mm. 



cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, abrupdy short acuminate, rounded to long; filaments about 5 mm. long, the anthers versatile; styles 



cuneate at base and slighdy decurrent, green above, white be- about half as long as the filaments, the stigma capitate-trun- 



