692 Pyrolaceae 



2. MONESES Salisb. Ichige-ichi-yaku-so Zoku 



Small evergreen glabrous stoloniferous perennial; leaves radical, petiolate, somewhat coriaceous; flowers solitary, terminal 

 on scapes, white or pink; calyx persistent; stamens 10 or 8, the filaments slender, glabrous, the anthers erect, reflexed in bud, 

 2-locular, with 2 short tubular pores at apex, disc 10- or 8-lobed; ovary 5-locular, superior, globose; style erect, columnar, slightly 

 thickened at apex; ovules on thickened placentae on the inner angle of the locule; capsules subglobose, 5-ridged, 5-locular, 

 5-valved, the valves septate; seeds numerous, small, with a nedike loose testa at both ends. One species of wide distribu- 

 tion in the N. Hemisphere. 



1. Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray. Pyrola uniflora L.; oblong to obovate, 2-3 mm. long, obtuse, ciliolate; flowers 



M. grandiflora S. F. Gray Ichige-ichi-yaku-s6. Leaves white, about 2 cm. across, nodding; petals 5 or 4, orbicular, 



2-4 at the apex of the rhizomes, ovate-orbicular or nearly sessile, spreading; calyx-segments 5(sometimes 4), ovate-ellip- 



orbicular, 1-1.5 cm. long, rounded to very obtuse, subrounded tic, about 2.5 mm. long, rounded at apex, ciliolate; style 4-5 



to broadly cuneate at base, minutely toothed, shortly decur- mm. long, the stigma 5-lobed; capsules erect, about as long as 



rent on the petioles, deep green and slightly lustrous, paler the style, depressed obovate-globose. July. Woods; Hok- 



beneath, the petioles 6-8 mm. long; scapes 5-10 cm. long, kaido; very rare. Sakhalin, Korea, China, Siberia to Europe, 



loosely 1- to 2-scaled in upper part, the scales membranous, and N. America. 



3. CfflMAPHILA Pursh Umegasa-s6 Zoku 



Herbs or subshrubs; leaves petiolate, evergreen, falsely verticillate, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, coriaceous, lustrous, toothed; 

 flowers solitary or in terminal corymbs, white or purplish, bracteolate; calyx 5-lobed, persistent, the segments obtuse; petals 5, 

 orbicular, concave, spreading to reflexed, sessile, deciduous; stamens 10, the filaments short, dilated and ciliate on the lower half, 

 the anthers 2-locular, opening by the terminal pores; style short, obconical, the stigma rounded, entire or with 5 undulate teeth; 



ovules very many; capsules subglobose, 5-locular; seeds small, the testa loosely reticulate at both ends. Few species, in 



Europe, N. America, and Asia. 



lA. Leaves broadly lanceolate, broadest below the middle, toothed nearly to the base; flowers 1 or sometimes 2; bracts broadly lanceolate; 



calyx-segments narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 2-4 times as long as wide, nearly as long as the corolla 1 . C. japonica 



IB. Leaves oblanceolate, broadest below the apex, long-cuneate below, toothed only on upper half; flowers 3-9; bracts broadly linear; 



calyx-segments ovate-orbicular, about as long as wide, J4 as long as the corolla 2. C. umbellata 



1. Chimaphila japonica Miq. C. astyla Maxim. 2. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton. Pyrola umbel- 



Umegasa-s6. Subshrub; stems simple or scarcely branched, lata L.; C. corymbosa Pursh O-umegasa-so. Low sub- 

 erect, terete, 5-10 cm. long, slender, few-leaved, glabrous; shrub; stems 5-12 cm. long, rather slender, erect, simple or 

 leaves opposite or in 3's, alternating with the scalelike leaves, sparsely branched, glabrous; leaves verticillate, rather many, 

 coriaceous, rather lustrous, broadly lanceolate, 2-3.5 cm. long, thick-coriaceous, cuneate-oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 6-10 mm. 

 6-10 mm. wide, acute or rarely obtuse, mucronate, rounded wide, obtuse to subacute, lustrous, glabrous, few-toothed above 

 to subacute at base, deep green with paler midrib above, gla- the middle, the nerves impressed above, the petioles 3-6 mm. 

 brous, few-toothed, the petioles 6-8 mm. long; peduncles long; peduncles 5-10 cm. long, papillose, 3- to 9-flowered, the 

 erect, with 1 or 2 bracts on the upper portion, papillose; flow- pedicels erect, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, the bracts broadly linear, 3—4 

 ers 1 or sometimes 2, nodding, white, about 1 cm. across, not mm. long; flowers white, sometimes roseate, about 8 mm. 

 fully open; calyx-segments membranous, 6-7 mm. long, ir- across, not fully open; calyx-segments ovate-orbicular, about 2 

 regularly toothed; corolla-lobes obovate-orbicular, 7-8 mm. mm. long, irregularly toothed; corolla-lobes suborbicular; 

 long; capsules depressed-globose, about 5 mm. across, the capsules depressed globose, about 6 mm. across; stigma nearly 



stigma sessile. June-July. Dry woods in hills and low ele- sessile. July. Dry woods especially near the sea; Hokkaido, 



vations in the mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- Honshu (Hitachi Prov. and northw.); rare. Sakhalin to 



shu. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles, Korea, Manchuria, and China. Europe, and N. America. 



4. MONOTROPA L. Shakujo-so Zoku 



Saprophytic, fleshy, usually white or reddish, black when dry; stems simple, terete, with alternate scalelike leaves; flowers soli- 

 tary or in a terminal raceme, nodding; calyx-lobes 4 or 5, deciduous; petals 4 or 5, longer than the sepals, deciduous, oblong, 

 often saccate at base; stamens 8-10, sometimes 12, erect, filiform-linear, the anthers short; disc adnate to the base of ovary, 8-10 

 or rarely 12-toothed; capsules 4- or 5-locular, erect, loculicidally dehiscent, the valves septate within, the placentae remaining on 



the persistent axis; style columnar, erect, the stigma infundibuliform; seeds small, very many. Few species, in the temperate 



regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Flowers terminal and solitary; style thick and short I. M. uniflora 



IB. Flowers in a terminal raceme; style longer than the ovary 2. M. hypopitys 



1. Monotropa uniflora L. M. uniflora var. nipponica dry; stems erect, simple, terete, 10-30 cm. long, with leaflike 



Makino; M. morisoniana Michx.; Hypopitys uniflora (L.) scales; scales suberect, narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate- 



Crantz Ginryo-so-modoki, Yurei-s6-modoki, Aki-no-gin- oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, obtuse to rounded, 



ry6-s6. White, fleshy, saprophytic herb, becoming black when rather fleshy, glabrous or only slightly pubescent under the 



