716 Primulaceae 



2-3 cm. long; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, mm. across, densely warty. Mar.-May. Honshu (Izu Is- 



4-6 mm. long, 1-ribbed; corolla blue-purple to reddish, 1-1.3 lands and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



cm. across, the lobes obovate-orbicular, often ciliolate; capsules and temperate and tropical regions generally, 

 globose, about 4 mm. in diameter; seeds dark brown, about 1 



2. GLAUX L. Umi-midori Zoku 



Rhizomatous rather fleshy glabrous perennial; stems terete, erect or decumbent at base; leaves opposite or rarely somewhat 

 ternate, small, entire; flowers axillary, subsessile, rather small, white to rose; calyx broadly campanulate, 5-lobed, the lobes oblong, 

 obtuse, persistent, imbricate in bud; corolla absent; stamens perigynous, alternate with the calyx-segments, the filaments nearly 

 filiform, the anthers cordate, dorsiflxed; ovary ovoid, with a filiform style at apex; ovules semi-anatropous; capsules 5-valved, 

 with the persistent style base at apex, covered on lower half with the calyx; seeds few, flat on the dorsal side, convex and with a 



hilum on the ventral side, the testa brown. One species, along seashores and estuaries and in wet alkaline soils in the N. 



Hemisphere. 



1. Glaux maritima L. var. obtusifolia Fern. G. mari- dots beneath, the midrib and nerves indistinct; flowers 6-7 



tima sensu auct. Japon., non L. Umi-midori, Shio-matsuba. mm. across; capsules globose, glabrous, 3-4 mm. across. 



Plant glabrous, lustrous, deep green and slighdy glaucous; May-Aug. Wet places by the sea near high tide mark; Hok- 



stems erect or ascending at base, simple or slightly branched, kaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). ^Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



5-20 cm. long; leaves rather dense on the stems, spreading, and generally in e. Asia to N . America. The typical phase is 



broadly lanceolate to obovate-oblong, 6-15 mm. long, 3-6 mm. widespread in Eurasia and N. America, 

 wide, rounded to obtuse, obtuse at base, sessile, with impressed 



3. TRIENTALIS L. Tsuma-tori-so Zoku 



Delicate glabrous perennials with slender creeping rhizomes; stems simple slender; leaves in a single whorl near top of the 

 stem; flowers erect, white; calyx deeply 5- to 9-fid, the segments hnear-lanceolate, green, spreading, persistent; corolla rotate, 

 deeply 7(5-9)-lobed, the lobes narrowly ovate, entire, contorted in bud; stamens 5-9, inserted on the throat of the corolla-tube, 

 the filaments filiform, the anthers linear, obmse; ovary globose; style slender; ovules many; seeds few, the testa loose, coriaceous, 

 finely reticulate. Two species, in the cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



1. Trientalis europaea L. var. europaea. T. europaea 2.5-3 mm. in diameter. June-July. Coniferous woods; 



var. eurasiatica R. Knuth Tsuma-tori-so. Stems erect, Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.), Shikoku. Kuriles, 



terete, 7-25 cm. long, with a few scalelike or small leaves at Sakhalin, Korea, to Eurasia, Alaska, and e. N. America. 



base; leaves 5-10 in a whorl near the top, spreading, broadly Forma ramosa Iljinsky ex Hegi. T. ramosa Koidz. 



oblanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic, sometimes ovate or obovate- 0-tsuma-tori-s6. Rare phase with branched stems. 



oblong, 2-7 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, acute to subobtuse, Var. arctica (Fisch.) Ledeb. T. arctica Fisch. Ko- 



acuminate at base, entire, subsessile, the lateral nerves incurved tsuma-tori-so. Upper cauline leaves gradually larger, the 



on upper part, each confluent with the upper one; peduncles apical leaves smaller, obovate-cuneate, obmse to subrounded. 



slender, 2-3 cm. long; flowers 1.5-2 cm. across; calyx-segments Coniferous woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. 



4-7 mm. long, acuminate; corolla-lobes acute; fruit globose, distr.) ; rare.— — Sakhalin, Kuriles, e. Siberia, and N. America. 



4. LYSIMACHIA L. Oka-tora-no-o Zoku 



Erect or prostrate, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes glandular-dotted herbs; leaves opposite, alternate, or verticillate, entire; 

 flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or in racemes, corymbs, or panicles, white, yellow, or red, rarely blue-purple, (4-) 5- to 

 6-merous; calyx-lobes persistent; corolla infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, or broadly campanulate, (4-)5- to 6-lobed, the tube 

 often very short, the lobes contorted in bud; stamens inserted on the tube, sometimes with staminodia in an alternate whorl, the 

 anthers obtuse; ovary globose or ovoid; style simple, filiform; capsules longitudinally dehiscent or indehiscent; seeds few to 



many, with a thin testa. About 110 species, chiefly in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere, few in the Tropics, 



Australia, N. America, and Africa. 



lA. Flowers yellow. 

 2A. Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate. 



3A. Flowers in racemes or panicles; stems erect; leaves narrow, subsessile. 



4A. Flowers in axillary spikclike racemes; style and stamens long-exserted; corolla-lobes linear-oblanceolate 1. L. thyrsiflora 



4B. Flowers in terminal panicles; style and stamens shorter than the narrowly ovate corolla-lobes 2. L. vulgaris var. davurica 



3B. Flowers solitary and axillary or rarely few together and terminal; stems decumbent or prostrate; leaves distinctly petiolate. 

 5 A. Leaves usually longer than wide, without brown striations and dots; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate. 



6A. Leaves ovate to broadly so, acute; corolla 5-7 mm. long; stems ascending at first, then creeping; calyx-segments acuminate. 



3. L. japonica 

 6B. Leaves broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic, rounded to very obtuse; corolla about 15 mm. long; stems creeping from the 



first; calyx -segments obtuse 4. L. tashiroi 



5B. Leaves shorter than to slightly longer than wide; calyx-segments oblanceolate to obovate-spathulate. 



7A. Leaves with dark brown glandular striations and dots; corolla without striations 5. L. tanakfie 



