Loganiaceae; Gentianaceae 735 



3. GARDNERIA Wall. Horai-kazura Zoku 



Glabrous, scandent, evergreen shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; flowers axillary, solitary or in trichotomous cymes or panicles, 

 rather small; calyx 4- to 5-parteci; corolla nearly rotate, deeply 4- or 5-lobed, thick, valvate in bud; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on 

 the throat, the anthers erect, subsessile, free and approximate, or slightly connate; ovary 2-locular, the ovules 1 to few in each 

 locule; berry with fleshy pulp; seeds rather flat. About 6 species, in India, China, Formosa, Japan, and Korea. 



lA. Flowers in groups of 3-10; corolla-lobcs glabrous inside, spreading; anthers glabrous, 2.5-3 mm. long, about half as long as the 

 corolla-lobes; leaves narrowly oblong to broadly oblanccolate, 7-12 cm. long 1. G. muUiflora 



IB. Flowers l(-3); corolla-lobes puberulous inside, recurved; anthers with a dense tuft of hairs on back at base, 5—6 mm. long, slightly 

 shorter than the corolla-lobes; leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 5-10 cm. long 2. G. nutans 



1. Gardneria multiflora Makino. Pseudogardneria evergreen, scandent shrub, the branches nearly terete, elon- 



mtiltiflora (Makino) Pampan. Chitose-kazura. Gla- gate, with a raised pulvinus like leaf-scar on each side; leaves 



brous, evergreen, scandent shrub, the branches terete, with a rather thick, ovate or ovate-oblong, 5-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. 

 pulvinuslike leaf-scar on each side of the node; leaves narrowly wide, abruptly acuminate to acute, abrupdy acute at base, deep 

 oblong to broadly oblanccolate, rarely lanceolate, 7-12 cm. green and lustrous above, endre, the petioles 7-12 mm. long; 

 long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, subobtuse at base, deep inflorescence usually 1-flowered, rarely 3-flowered; flowers pen- 

 green and lustrous, entire, the pedoles 7-10 mm. long; in- dulous, white, the peduncles 1-2 cm. long; calyx-lobes semi- 

 florescence trichotomously 3- to 10-flowered, the peduncle 1-2 rounded, ciliolate, less than 1 mm. long; corolla 5-parted nearly 

 cm. long, the bracts small; caly.x-lobes semirounded, ciliolate, to the base, the lobes deltoid-lanceolate, puberulous inside; 

 about 0.6 mm. long; corolla about 12 mm. across, yellow, 5- anthers erect, 5-6 mm. long, with a dense tuft of hairs on back; 



parted nearly to the base, the lobes glabrous inside, linear- fruit globose, red, about 1 cm. across, 3- or 4-seeded. July. 



oblong, spreading, obtuse; anthers glabrous, narrowly ob- Honshu (Awa Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rather 



long, 2.5-3 mm. long, about half as long as the corolla-lobes. rare. 



June. Honshu (Chijgoku Distr.). China. Gardneria insularis Nakai, Eishu-kazura, is reported to 



2. Gardneria nutans Sieb. & Zucc. Pseudogardneria occur in Kyushu (Tsushima and Buzen Prov.). s. Korea. 



nutans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Racib. Horai-kazura. Glabrous, 



Fam. 168. GENTIANACEAE Rindo Ka Gentian Family 



Perennials or annuals, sometimes aquatic; leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate; flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous, actino- 

 morphic, usually showy; calyx tubular or of separate sepals, the segments imbricate in bud; corolla 4- to 12-lobed, the lobes con- 

 torted, rarely imbricate or induplicate in bud; stamens inserted on the tube, as many as and alternate with the lobes; ovary 

 superior, usually l(-2)-locular, the placentae parietal; fruit a capsule, rarely a berry; seeds usually many, the endosperm copious. 

 About 60 genera, with about 800 species, chiefly in temperate to subarctic, and sometimes subtropical regions. 



1 A. Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate, simple, entire; corolla-lobes contorted in bud; terrestrial. 



2.\. Style filiform, usually deciduous; anthers spirally contorted 1 . Cenlawitim 



2B. Style short and thick, persistent, sometimes absent; anthers erect, not spirally contorted. 

 3A. Corolla without glands or glandular-grooves at base of lobes. 

 A\. Scandent, slender; leaves pctiolate; flowers not erect. 



5A. Fruit berrylikc; flowers 5-merous 2. Tripterospermum 



5B. Fruit a capsule; flowers "l-merous 3. Plerygocalyx 



4B. Erect, not scandent; leaves sessile or nearly so; flowers erect 4. Gentiana 



3B. Corolla with large glands or glandular-grooves at base of lobes. 



6A. Corolla not spurred at base, rotate or rarely campanulate, the lobes dextrorsely contorted 5. Swertia 



6B. Corolla spurred at base, campanulate, the lobes sinistrorsely contorted 6. Halenia 



IB. Leaves alternate, sometimes trifoliolate, entire or toothed; corolla-lobes induplicate in bud; aquatic or marsh herbs. 

 7A. Leaves 3-foliolate or reniform, not floating; capsules dehiscent; marsh plants. 



8A. Leaves 3-foliolate; flowers in racemes; capsules 2-fid 7. Menyanthes 



8B. Leaves simple, reniform; flowers in cymes; capsules 4-fid 8. Fatiria 



7B. Leaves ovate to orbicular, deeply cordate, floating; capsules indchiscent; aquatic '). Nymphoides 



1. CENTAUmUM Hill Shima-semburi Zoku 



Erect, annual or perennial herbs; leaves opposite, sometimes clasping; cymes often subspicate; flowers axillary, rose, yellowish, 

 or white, rather small; calyx tubular, 4- or 5-lobed; corolla salverform or rotate, the lobes 4 or 5, spreading, contorted in bud; 

 stamens inserted on the tube, the anthers spirally contorted; ovary 1-locular; style filiform, the stigma 2, lamellate; capsules 

 bifid; seeds many, small. About 30 species, in temperate to subtropical regions of the N. Hemisphere and Australia. 



1. Centaurium japonicum (Maxim.) Druce. Erythraea spreading, sessile, entire; flowers sessile, axillary; calyx 6-8 



japonica Maxim.; E. aiistralis sensu auct. Japon., non R. Br.; mm. long, 5-lobed nearly to tiic base; corolla-tube as long as 



E. spicata scnsu auct. Japon., non Pers. Shima-semburi. the calyx, the lobes narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm. long; anthers 



Glabrous, glaucescent annual 10-40 cm. high; stems simple half as long as the corolla-lobes; capsules oblong-cylindric, 



or branched, leafy throughout, erect, angled; leaves oblong, 8-10 mm. long, longer than the calyx, sessile. July-Aug. 



elliptic, or obovate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, obtuse, Kyushu (Yakushima). Ryukyus and Formosa. 



