736 Gentianaceae 



2. TRIPTEROSPERMUM Bl. Tsuru-rindo Zoku 



Scandent or trailing glabrous perennials; leaves opposite, usually 3-nerved, petiolate; flowers 1-3, blue-purple or white, terminal 

 and axillary, 5-merous; calyx tubular, 5-winged or -angled, the lobes narrow; corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate, broadened 

 toward tip, the lobes contorted, often plaited between the lobes; stamens inserted on the tube, the filaments filiform; ovary 



stipitate, 1-Iocular; style slender, the stigmas 2, lamellate; berry globose to ellipsoidal; seeds many, small, 3-winged. Few 



species, e. Asia, India, and Malaysia. 



1. Tripterospermum japonicum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim, green and often purplish beneath, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; 



Convolvulus trinervis Thunb.; Crawjurdia japonica Sieb. & flowers pale blue-purple; calyx-tube 6-8 mm. long, narrowly 



Zucc; Crawjurdia trinervis (Thunb.) Makino, non Dietr. nee 5-winged, the lobes linear, as long as to slightly longer than 



Hassk.; Gentiana trinervis (Thunb.) Marq. Tsuru-rindo. the tube; corolla about 3 cm. long, gradually narrowed at base, 



Scandent or trailing perennial, 40-80 cm. high, with short, the lobes narrowly deltoid, plaited; fruit ellipsoid-globose, red- 

 slender, creeping rhizomes; stems slender, simple or sparingly purple, about 8 mm. across, slightly exserted from the corolla, 



branched, purplish; leaves deltoid-ovate to -lanceolate, 4-8 the stipe 1.5-2 cm. long; stigma linear-lanceolate. Aug.- 



cm. long, 12-35 mm. wide, gradually acuminate, shallowly Oct. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



cordate to rounded at base, 3-nerved, deep green above, pale Kyushu. s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, Formosa, and China. 



3. PTERYGOCALYX Maxim. Hosoba-no-tsuru-rind6 Zoku 



Glabrous, scandent or trailing perennials; leaves opposite, usually 3-nerved, petiolate; flowers blue-purple or white, solitary, 

 terminal and axillary, 4-merous, sometimes 5-merous; calyx tubular; corolla tubular, 4- to 5-lobed, the lobes contorted; stamens 

 inserted on the corolla-tube; ovary 1-locular, stipitate; style short, the stigmas 2, lamellate; capsules 2-valved, dehiscent, many- 

 seeded; seeds small, winged on margin. ^Few species, in e. Asia, India, and China. 



1. Pterygocalyx volubilis Maxim. Crawjurdia ptery- side, the lobes 4, broadly linear, 3-5 mm. long, laterally 



gocalyx Hemsl.; C. volubilis (Maxim.) Makino Hosoba- flattened and winglike; corolla 3-3.5 cm. long, shallowly 4- 



No-TsuRU-RiNDo. Resembles Tripterospermum japonicum in cleft, the lobes not plaited; style slender, 2-3 mm. long; cap- 

 habit; leaves broadly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. sules narrowly oblong, about 10 mm. long, the stipe slightly 

 long, 5-10 mm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at base, subtri- shorter than the capsule; seeds minute, thin-winged on margin. 



nerved, entire, petiolate; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx-tube Sept.-Oct. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



1.5-2 cm. long, 5-winged and often deeply fissured on one Kyushu; rare. Korea, Manchuria, n. China, and Ussuri. 



4. GENTIANA L. Rindo Zoku 



Erect perennials or sometimes annuals; leaves opposite, rarely verticillate, sessile, entire; flowers 4- to 7-merous, axillary or 

 terminal, sessile or pedunculate, erect, usually large, blue-purple, blue, white, or rarely yellow; calyx tubular, rarely fissured on 

 one side; corolla tubular, salverform or infundibuliform, sometimes narrowly campanulate, the lobes contorted in bud, rarely 

 ciliate; stamens inserted on the corolla-tube, usually included; ovary 1-locular, often stipitate at base; style short, the stigmas 2, 



lamellate; capsules sessile or stipitate, 2-valved; seeds many. About 500 species, widely distributed in temperate zones, and 



high mountains of the Tropics. 



lA. Annuals or biennials without rhizomes, erect. 



2A. Corolla without plaits between the lobes; capsules sessile or short-stipitate. 



3A. Corolla-lobes without a fringe at junction with throat; seeds brown, ellipsoidal, densely spinulose-tuberculate. 



4A. Corolla-lobes fimbriate; plant 5-40 cm. high; flowers 2.5-3.5 cm. long, the peduncles (l-)5-12 cm. long 1. G. yabei 



4B. Corolla-lobes entire; plant 5-10 cm high; flowers about 15 mm. long, the peduncles 7-15 mm. long 2. G. contorta 



3B. Corolla-lobes with a fringe at junction with throat; seeds pale brown, globose, smooth. 



5A. Calyx-lobes ovate-cordate, obtuse, auriculate, as long as broad 3. G. auriciilata 



5B. Calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, not auriculate, acute to acuminate, much longer than broad. 

 6A. Crown at the base of the corolla-lobes, laciniate into capillary filaments. 



7A. Calyx-lobes nearly as long as the tube; cauline leaves minutely papillose on margin; flowers 16—22 mm. long; calyx 



about half as long as the corolla 4. G. ta\edae 



7B. Calyx-lobes 3-6 times as long as the tube; cauline leaves smooth on margin; flowers 2.5—3 cm. long; calyx half to nearly 



as long as the corolla 5. G. yuparensis 



6B. Crown at the base of the corolla-lobes, finely laciniate into slender, stouter, straight filaments ending in an obtuse tip; stems 

 simple or branched from the base; flowers 15-17 mm. long; calyx 5-6 mm. long, Yi-yi as long as the corolla-tube, 



divided nearly to the base 6. G. secta 



2B. Corolla plaited between the lobes; capsules long-stipitate. 



8A. Calyx-lobes ovate or obovate, gradually spreading or slightly reflexcd; leaves rosulate at base; cauline leaves smaller and ascending, 



spreading in those above, ovate or narrowly so, short awn-tipped 7. G. squarrosa 



8B. Calyx-lobes lanceolate or narrowly deltoid, erect. 



9A. Rosulate leaves present; cauline leaves appressed to the stem. 



IDA. Leaves smooth, acute, not awn-tipped; peduncles 1-3 cm. long; corolla 2-2.5 times as long as the calyx. . . 8. G. thunbergii 



lOB. Leaves papillose on margin in the lower ones, awn-tipped; flowers sessile or short-pedunculate; corolla 1.5 times as long as 



the calyx 9. G. aquatica 



