Gentianaceae 



739 



14. Gentiana algida Pall. G. jrigida var. algida (Pall.) 

 Froel.; G. algida var. sibirica Kusn. Toyaku-rindo. Yel- 

 lowish green, glabrous perennial, 10-25 cm. high, with short 

 rhizomes; stems scapose, few-leaved, angled; rosette leaves 

 rather thick, linear-oblanceolate to broadly linear, 8-15 cm. 

 long, 5-10 mm. wide, subobtuse, gradually narrowed and 

 sheathed at the base, the cauline leaves few, lanceolate, 2-5 cm. 

 long, 5-10 mm. wide, short-sheathed at base; flowers 3.5-5 

 cm. long, few, pale yellow with blue-green spots, the peduncles 

 0-10(-20) mm. long; calyx half as long as the corolla, the 

 lobes unequal, about half as long as the tube, deltoid-lanceo- 

 late, suberect, acute; plaits of corolla short, few-toothed; cap- 

 sules short-stipitate, scarcely e.\serted; seeds reticulate, with 3-4 



narrow wings. Alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. and n. 



distr.). Korea, Siberia, and N. America. Forma iga- 



rashii (Miyabe & Kudo) Toyokuni. G. algida var. igarashii 



Miyabe 8c Kudo; G. igarashii Miyabe & Kudo Kumoi- 



RiNDO. Plant low, about 10 cm. high; flowers 1-3, larger, 

 to 5 cm. long. Alpine; Hokkaido. 



15. Gentiana sikokiana Maxim. Asama-rindo. Gla- 

 brous, erect perennial, 7-20 cm. high, with slender, short rhi- 

 zomes; leaves spathulate, ovate, rhombic-ovate, or obovate, 3-8 

 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. wide, acute or subacuminate, green above, 

 pale green beneath, 3-nerved, slightly undulate-margined; flow- 

 ers 3-10, nearly terminal, 4-5 cm. long, blue, with green spots, 

 5-merous; calyx-tube 6-10 mm. long, the lobes broadly ovate or 

 ovate-cordate, spreading, rather unequal; plaits of corolla 

 nearly entire; capsules lanceolate, stipitate, not exserted; seeds 



lanceolate, reticulate, narrowly winged. Oct.-Nov. Woods 



in mountains; Honshu (s. Kinki Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



16. Gentiana scabra Bunge var. buergeri (Miq.) 

 Maxim. G. buergeri Miq.; G. scabra var. intermedia Kusn.; 

 G. scabra var. buergeri subvar. saxatilis Honda; G. saxatilis 

 (Honda) Honda; G. scabra var. orientalis Hara; G. subpetio- 



lata Honda Rindo. Rhizomes rather short; stems 20-100 



cm. long, with 10-20 pairs of leaves, 4-striate, sometimes de- 

 cumbent or ascending, commonly red-brown tinged; leaves 

 lanceolate to narrowly deltoid-ovate, 4-8 cm. long, 1-3 cm. 

 wide, gradually acuminate, 3-nerved, green above, paler be- 

 neath, usually sessile, papillose on margin in the upper ones, 

 the bracts narrowly lanceolate, rather small; flowers sessile, 4.5- 

 6 cm. long, few to ratlier numerous, blue; calyx-tube 12-18 

 mm. long, the lobes rather unequal, linear-lanceolate; plaits of 

 corolla deltoid, often toothed; capsules stipitate, not exserted; 



seeds broadly lanceolate, short-caudate at both ends. Sept.- 



Nov. Thickets, grassy places, and wet meadows in lowlands 

 and low elevations in the mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. The typical phase occurs in Korea, Manchuria, 



and n. China. Forma stenophylla (Hara) Toyokuni. G. 



scabra var. buergeri forma angustifolia Kusn., non G. scabra 

 var. bungeana forma angustifolia Kusn.; G. scabra var. steno- 

 phylla Hara Hosoba-rindo. Narrow-leaved phase, the 



leaves linear to linear-lanceolate. Often growing in wet places. 

 Known hybrids are: Gentiana X brevidens Fr. & Sav. (G. 

 mal{inoi X G. scabra var.) ; and Gentiana X iseana Makino. 

 IsE-RiNDO (G. scabra var. X G. sil{o!{iana) . 



17. Gentiana makinoi Kusn. Oyama-rindo. Gla- 

 brous, slightly glaucous erect perennial, 30-60 cm. high, with 

 thick stout rhizomes; stems terete, with 10-20 pairs of leaves; 

 lower leaves reduced to short sheaths, the upper leaves broadly 

 lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 3-6 cm. long, 8-25 mm. wide, 

 gradually narrowed to tlie tip, obtuse, broadly cuneate to 

 rounded at base, glaucescent, entire, 3-nerved, sessile; bracts 

 leaflike; flowers 1-7, on upper part of stem, sessile, 22-30 mm. 

 long, dark blue; calyx-tube 6-8 mm. long, subtruncate at 

 apex, the lobes rather unequal, very short to short-hnear; 

 plaits of corolla truncate; capsules stipitate, broadly lanceo- 

 late, as long as the corolla; seeds minutely reticulate, caudate 



at both ends. Aug.-Sept. Wet slopes and bogs in high 



mountains; Honshu (centr. distr.). 



18. Gentiana triflora Pall. var. japonica (Kusn.) Hara. 

 G. rigescens var. japonica Kusn.; G. axillariflora Lev. & Van'L; 

 G. naitoana Lev. & Faurie; G. jesoana Nakai; G. axillariflora 

 var. naitoana (Lev. & Faurie) Koidz. Ezo-rindo. Gla- 

 brous, slightly glaucescent, erect perennial, 30-80 cm. high, 

 with thick rhizomes; stems pale green to very slightly brown- 

 ish red; lower few pairs of leaves reduced to short sheaths; 

 upper leaves lanceolate to broadly so, 6-10 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. 

 wide, 3-nerved, gradually narrowed to the tip, entire, sessile, 

 glaucescent beneath; bracts linear-oblanceolate, shorter than 

 the calyx or sometimes leaflike and longer than the calyx; 

 flowers 4-5 cm. long, dark blue, sessile; calyx-mbe subtruncate 

 at the apex, 12-15 mm. long, the lobes unequal, erect, some- 

 times toothlike or leaf like; plaits of corolla short, nearly trun- 

 cate; capsules stipitate, not exserted from the corolla; seeds 



minutely reticulate, caudate at both ends. Aug.-Sept. 



Lowlands and mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr. to n. 

 Kinki Distr. along the Japan Sea side). s. Kuriles and Sa- 

 khalin. The typical phase occurs in Sakhalin, Korea, and e. Si- 

 beria. 



Var. montana (Hara) Hara. G. axillariflora var. montana 

 Hara Ezo-oyama-rindo. Stems low, few-flowered; flow- 

 ers 3.5-4.5 cm. long. Alpine; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. 



distr.). s. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



Var. horomuiensis (Kudo) Hara. G. horomuiensis Kudo; 



G. axillariflora var. horomuiensis (Kudo) Hara Horomui- 



RiNDO. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Boggy places; Hokkaido. 



19. Gentiana yakushimensis Makino. Kudoa ya\ushi- 



mensis (Makino) Masam. Yakushima-rindo. Glabrous, 



tufted, erect perennial, 7-30 cm. high, with stout elongate 

 rhizomes; stems few, simple, striate, densely many-leaved; 

 leaves verticellate in 4's, thick and lustrous, linear-lanceolate 

 to linear-oblong, 1-2 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, obtuse, short- 

 sheathed at base, deep green, whitish beneath; flowers solitary, 

 terminal, sessile, 3.5—4 cm. long, blue-purple; calyx about 1 cm. 

 long, subtruncate at apex, the lobes 6-8, lanceolate, obtuse, 

 shorter than the tube; corolla-lobes 6-8, the plaits bifid, linear; 

 capsules short-stipitate, included; seeds angled, about 3.5 mm. 



long including the filiform tail at one end. Aug. Alpine; 



Kyushu (Yakushima) ; rare. 



5. SWERTIA L. Semburi Zoku 



Simple or branched perennials and annuals; leaves opposite, radical and cauline; flowers blue or purple, sometimes yellow, in 

 cymes, panicles, or corymbs, 4- to 5-merous; calyx 4- to 5-parted, the lobes linear or lanceolate, I- to 3-nerved; corolla rotate, rarely 

 campanulate, the lobes dextrorsely contorted, glandular-grooved at the base, the grooves naked or covered with fleshy hairs; 

 stamens inserted on the base of the corolla; ovary 1-locular; style short or absent, the stigmas 2, lamellate; capsules sepucidally 

 dehiscent, 2-valved; seeds many, often wing-margined. About 80 species, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America. 



