740 



Gentianaceae 



lA. Stigma sessile, decurrent on the ovary; nerves of corolla-lobes yellowish red, also when dried; small annual or biennial. 



1. S. carinthiaca 

 IB. Stigma sessile or stalked, not decurrent on the ovary; nerves of corolla-lobes not yellowish red; small or rather large annuals or peren- 

 nials. 

 2A. Annuals or biennials without rhizomes; seeds not winged. 



3A. Radical leaves not well developed; cauline leaves linear to broadly lanceolate; seeds smooth or nearly so. 



4A. Glandular-grooves of corolla-lobes solitary; flowers small, 4-merous 2. S. tetrapetala 



4B. Glandular-grooves of corolla-lobes in pairs; flowers rather large, usually 5-merous. 



5A. Calyx-lobes lanceolate to broadly so, gradually and slightly narrowed at base; leaves usually oblanceolate, 3-10 mm. wide; 



plant not bitter to taste 3. 5. diluta var. tosaensis 



5B. Calyx-lobes linear or broadly so, not narrowed at base; leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-5 (-8) mm. wide; plants bitter to 

 taste. 

 6A. Stems, margin of calyx-lobes, and upper portion of pedicels minutely punctate; hairs around the glandular grooves un- 



dulately striate under magnification 4. S. pseudochinensis 



6B. Plant usually smooth; hairs around the glandular-grooves smooth under magnification 5. 5. japonica 



3B. Radical leaves large; cauline leaves ovate to oblong, or lanceolate; seeds muricate. 



7A. Radical leaves persistent through anthesis, the cauline leaves much smaller; flowers nodding; glandular-grooves solitary. 



6. S. tashiroi 

 7B. Radical leaves withering before anthesis, the cauline leaves broader and prominent; flowers erect; glandular-grooves in pairs. 

 8A. Glandular-grooves naked; flowers in panicles; calyx-lobes broadly oblanceolate, about Yi ^s long as the corolla; seeds less 



than 1 mm. long; style absent 7. 5. bimaculata 



8B. Glandular-grooves hairy on margin; flowers fasciculate in leaf -axils; calyx-lobes linear, as long as the corolla; seeds 3-3.5 mm. 



long; style distinct 8. 5. swertopsis 



2B. Rhizomatous perennial; glandular-grooves of corolla in pairs on each lobe; seeds wing-margined 9. 5. perennis 



1. Swertia carinthiaca Wulfen. Lomatogonium ca- Prov.), Honshu (centr. and n. distr.); rare. Korea and ? e. 



rinthiacum (Wulfen) Reichenb.; Pleurogyna carinthiaca G. Siberia. 



Don; Gentiana stelleriana Cham. & Schltdl.; Lomatogonium 3. Swertia diluta (Turcz.) Benth. & Hook. f. var. to- 



carinthiacum var. stellerianum (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fern. saensis (Makino) Hara. S. tosaensis Makino Inu-sem- 



HiME-SEMBURi. Glabrous annual or biennial 2-10 cm. high; buri. Glabrous annual or biennial; stems often branched 



stems simple or branched; lower leaves obovate-spathulate, from the base, 4-angled; radical leaves small, broadly oblanceo- 



small, the median and upper ones oblong to ovate, 1-1.5 cm. late to obovate, the cauline leaves oblanceolate, oblong-lanceo- 



long; flowers pale blue, pedicelled; calyx deeply 4- to 5-parted, late, or rarely lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, obtuse; 



the segments unequal, oblong, elliptic, or ovate, subacute, inflorescence a narrow panicle; flowers white, 5-merous, pedi- 



3-nerved, 4-7 mm. long; corolla deeply 4- to 5-lobed, the tube celled; calyx-segments lanceolate to broadly so, obtuse, about 



very short, glabrous, the lobes oblong, about 1 cm. long, yellow- half as long to as long as the corolla; corolla-lobes 8-12 mm. 



red nerved, with 2 small pocketlike glands at base; capsules as long, the glandular-grooves in pairs, lanceolate, with long 



long as or slightly longer than the corolla; stigma decurrent flexuous hairs on margin; capsules slightly longer than the 



on the ovary; seeds fusiform or oblong, smooth, about 0.6 mm. corolla, narrowly ovoid; seeds nearly globose, almost smooth. 



long. Aug.-Sept. Alpine; Honshu (centr. distr.) ; very Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and China. 



rare. Widely distributed in the alpine regions of the N. 4. Swertia pseudochinensis Hara. S. chinensis sensu 



Hemisphere. auct. Japon.; S. chinensis forma violacea Makino Murasaki- 



2. Swertia tetrapetala Pall. S. pallasii G. Don; Ophelia semeuri. Annual or biennial; stems often branched, dark 

 papulosa Fr. & Sav.; O. yesoensis Fr. & Sav.; S. yesoensis (Fr. purple, minutely papillose; radical leaves oblanceolate, small, 



6 Sav.) Matsum.; S. bissetii S. Moore & Burkill — — Chishima- the cauline leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 

 SEMBURi. Glabrous erect annual or biennial; stems simple 3-5 (-8) mm. wide, acute; flowers few to many, pedicelled, 

 or sparingly branched, 4-angled; basal leaves broadly oblan- pale blue-purple, 5-merous; calyx-segments broadly linear to 

 ceolate-spathulate, the median and upper leaves spreading, linear-lanceolate, half as long to nearly as long as the corolla; 

 deltoid-lanceolate or lanceolate, 2-3.5 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide, corolla-lobes 1-1.5 cm. long, with dark-colored nerves, the 

 gradually narrowed to the tip, acute to obtuse, sessile; flowers glandular-grooves in pairs, each surrounded by fleshy, flexuous 

 in a rather dense terminal panicle, 8-12 mm. across, blue, dark hairs; capsules nearly as long as the corolla, broadly lanceolate; 



purple-spotted, pedicelled, 4-merous; calyx-segments lanceo- seeds nearly globose, smooth. Aug.-Oct. Thickets in low- 



late, about 1/3 as long as the corolla, acute; corolla-lobes ellip- lands and hills; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea, n. 



tic or ovate-oblong, glandular-grooved near the center, with China, Manchuria, and Amur. 



thick flexuous hairs; capsules slightly longer than to as long 5. Swertia japonica (Roem. & Schult.) Makino. Gen- 



as the corolla; seeds smooth, subovoid, slightly flattened, tiana japonica Roem. & Schult.; Ophelia japonica (Schult.) 



brown. Aug.-Sept. Sandy grassy slopes near the sea; Hok- Griseb. Semburi. Glabrous annual or biennial; stems 



kaido; rare. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Ochotsk Sea region, and simple or branched from the base, 4-angled, purplish; radical 



Kamchatka. leaves small, oblanceolate, the cauline linear or broadly so, 



Var. yezoalpina (Hara) Hara. S. yezoalpina Hara; S. rarely linear-oblanceolate, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 mm. wide, 



chrysantha var. yezoalpina (Hara) Satake; S. micrantha Ta- acute or subobtuse, the margins revolute; flowers in dense ter- 



keda; S. chrysantha Honda & Tatew. Takane-semburi. minal panicles, 5-merous; calyx-segments linear to linear-lance- 



Inflorescence rather loosely flowered; flowers pale blue, about olate, 1/2-2/3 as long as the corolla; corolla-lobes broadly 



7 mm. across, the glandular-grooves usually slighdy broader, lanceolate, 12-17 mm. long, white, with purple nerves, the 

 naked or with few hairs on margin; capsules longer than the glandular-grooves in pairs, with long fleshy hairs on margin; 

 corolla. Aug.-Sept. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido (Hidaka capsules slightly longer than the corolla, lanceolate; seeds 



