Gentianaceae 



741 



nearly smooth, subglobose. Aug.-Oct. Sunny slopes and 



thickets in lowlands and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu; rather common. Korea, and China. 



6. Swertia tashiroi (Maxim.) Makino. Ophelia tashiroi 



Maxim.; S. tashiroi var. cruciata F. Maekavva Hetsuka- 



RiNDo. Rather stout glabrous erect biennial 30-60 cm. high; 

 stems terete, subscapose; leaves rosulate, oblong or obovate- 

 spathulate, 8-30 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, acute to short-acumi- 

 nate, entire, rather fleshy; cauline leaves ovate to narrowly 

 lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, the upper ones be- 

 coming bracteate; panicles terminal, few-flowered, the bracts 

 small, 1-10 mm. long, the pedicels deflexed, thickened above; 

 calyx-segments 4-5, narrowly deltoid, acuminate, 2-4 mm. 

 long, about as long as the tube; corolla-lobes 4-5, broadly 

 oblanceolate, 12-15 mm. long, acuminate, greenish, with an 

 orbicular gland about 3 mm. across slightly above the center, 

 purple-brown spotted on the upper half; capsules as long as die 

 corolla, 2-valved, sessile; seeds small, oblong-cylindric, short- 



tubercled. Dec-Jan. Kyushu (s. distr. incl. Yakushima 



and Tanegashima). Ryukyus (Amami-Oshima). 



7. Swertia bimaculata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Hook. f. & 



Thoms. Ophelia bimaculata Sieb. & Zucc. Akebono-so. 



Glabrous erect annual or biennial 50-80 cm. high; stems often 

 much branched, with 4 elevated striations; rosulate leaves ob- 

 long, large, long-attenuate to a petiolelike base, with several 

 parallel nerves; lower cauline leaves ovate to broadly lanceo- 

 late, 5-12 cm. long, 1-6 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate or 

 acuminate at base; flowers erect, 5-merous, in rather loose 

 panicles, the pedicels 1-5 cm. long; calyx-segments broadly 

 oblanceolate, obtuse, much longer than the tube, about half as 

 long as the corolla; corolla-lobes broadly cuneate-oblanceolate, 

 10-13 mm. long, creamy white with green spots on upper half 

 and a pair of orbicular, brownish glands slightly above the 

 center, about 1.5 mm. across; capsules slightly longer than the 

 corolla; seeds small, dark brown, with minute warty papillae. 



Sept.-Oct. Wet grassy places in lowlands and mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



8. Swertia swertopsis Makino. Stvertopsis umbellata 

 Makino; Swertia umbellata (Makino) Makino, non Ruiz & 



Pav. Shinonome-s6. Glabrous erect annual or biennial; 



stems simple or sparingly branched, 4-striate; cauline leaves 

 ovate to narrowly so, or oblong, acute to acuminate, 5(-7)- 

 nerved, acutely narrowed to a petiolelike base; flowers white, 

 fasciculate, 5-merous, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx- 

 segments linear, as long as the corolla, keeled on back; corolla 

 subcampanulate, 8-10 mm. long, the lobes ovate, with purple 

 spots inside, the glands paired, surrounded by filiform hairs; 

 capsules less than 1 cm. long, narrowly ovoid; seeds rather 

 large, oblong, 3-3.5 mm. long, densely warty. Aug. Moun- 

 tains; Honshu (Izu Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. 



9. Swertia perennis L. var. cuspidata Maxim. S. ob- 

 tusa Ledeb. var. cuspidata (Maxim.) Hara; S. cuspidata 



(Maxim.) Kitag. Miyama-akebono-s6. Glabrous rhi- 



zomatous erect perennial 12-30 cm. high; stems simple, soli- 

 tary, striate; leaves alternate or opposite, the radical few, 

 broadly ovate or elliptic, 3-8 cm. long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, obtuse 

 to acute, 5- to 7-nerved, with a long petiolelike base 1-3 times 

 as long as the leaf-blade, the cauline leaves small; inflorescence 

 few-flowered, corymbose, often slightly branched, the bracts 

 broadly lanceolate, the pedicels 1-3 cm. long; flowers 5-merous; 

 calyx-lobes unequal, broadly linear, 1/2-2/3 as long as the 

 corolla; corolla-lobes lanceolate, 17-20 mm. long, dark blue, 

 with dark purple nerves, the glands paired, small, near the base 

 of the corolla-lobes, surrounded by hairs about 2 mm. long; 



capsules 2/3 as long as the corolla; seeds wing-margined. 



Aug.-Sept. Alpine; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



Var. stenopetala (Regel & Tiling) Maxim. S. obtusa var. 

 stenopetala Regel & Tiling Ezo-miyama-akebono-s6. Flow- 

 ers smaller, about 12 mm. long; corolla-lobes less prominently 



narrowed toward tip. Hokkaido. Sakhalin, Kuriles, e. 



Siberia, and Alaska. 



6. HALENIA Borkh. Hana-ikari Zoku 



Annuals, biennials, or perennials; leaves opposite, entire; cymes axillary and terminal, few-flowered or sometimes compound 

 and paniculate; flowers yellowish, sometimes purplish, 4-merous; calyx deeply 4-parted, the lobes lanceolate; corolla campanu- 

 late, rarely rotate, 4-lobed, the lobes spurred near base, ovate or oblong, sinistrorsely contorted in bud; stamens inserted near 

 the base of corolla; ovary l(-2)-locular; style short or absent; stigmas 2, lamellate; capsules 2-valved; seeds smooth, globose or 

 ellipsoidal. About 20 species, in e. Europe, Asia, N. and S. America. 



1. Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz. Swertia cornicu- 

 lata L.; H. sibirica Borkh.; H. japonica Gand.; H. dcltoides 



Gand. Hana-ikari. Glabrous, erect annual or biennial, 



10-60 cm. high; stems erect, often branched, 4-angled; leaves 

 oblong to narrowly ovate, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5—4 cm. wide, 

 acuminate, narrowed to a petiolelike base, 3(-5)-nerved, mi- 

 nutely papillose on nerves beneath and on margin; flowers 

 4-merous, short-pedicelled, pale yellow, greenish after anthesis; 



calyx divided nearly to the base, the segments linear, minutely 

 papillose, 1/2-2/3 as long as the corolla; corolla narrowly 

 ovoid, 6-10 mm. long, the spur 3-7 mm. long, rarely absent; 

 capsules lanceolate, as long as the corolla, sessile; seeds ellip- 

 soidal, smooth, terete, about 1 mm. long. Sept. Sunny 



slopes in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



e. Europe, Siberia, Korea, Manchuria, Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



and Kamchatka. 



7. MENYANTHES L. 



Mitsu-gasiiiwa Zoku 



Glabrous, rather soft, slightly thickened perennial herb growing in wet places and in shallow water, with thick, creeping- 

 rhizomes; leaves radical, long-petiolate, alternate, 3-foliolate, the petioles sheathed at base; flowers white or bluish, 5-merous, in 

 a terminal simple raceme on radical scapes, with membranous bracts; calyx deeply parted; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed, the 

 lobes induplicate in bud, barbed on inner side; stamens inserted on the corolla-tube; ovary 1-locular, with 5 glands at base; style 



slender, with 2 lamellate stigmas; capsules globose, 2-lobed; seeds few, orbicular, flat, lustrous, salmon-red, rather large. 



One species throughout the cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



