Apocynaceae 743 



Fam. 169. APOCYNACEAE Ky6chiku-t6 Ka Dogbane Family 



Usually evergreen woody plants, sometimes herbs, often scandent, with milky juice; leaves opposite, rarely verticillate or al- 

 ternate, simple, entire, without stipules; flowers bisexual, actinomorphic; calyx often glandular inside, 4- to 5-lobed, imbricate 

 in bud; corolla salverform or infundibuliform, the lobes contorted in bud, very rarely valvate; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the 

 tube, the filaments usually free, the anthers sagittate, free or connivent around the stigma, the pollen granular; ovary superior, 

 l-locular, with 2 parietal placentae, or of 2 free carpels; style solitary; ovules more than 2 in each carpel; fruit a follicle, berry, 



or drupe; seeds usually with endosperm, often winged or comose. About 300 genera, with about 1,100 species, warm-temperate 



to subtropical and tropical. 



lA. Herbs, sometimes somewhat woody near the base. 

 2A. Anthers free from the stigma, not appcndaged at base; corolla salverform, villous on the tube inside, the lobes sinistrorscly con- 

 torted in bud; styles filiform; seeds not comose 1. Amsonia 



2B. Anthers adherent to the stigma, appcndaged at base; corolla campanulate, glabrous, the lobes dextrorsely contorted in bud; styles 



very short or absent; seeds comose 2. Apocynum 



IB. Shrubs or woody vines. 

 3A. Scandent; corolla 1-3 cm. wide, the throat naked; leaves opposite. 



4A. Calyx with 5 or 10 glands inside; stamens inserted on the upper part of the corolla-tube; seeds without a beak; inflorescence 



corymbose, few-flowered 3. Trachdospermtim 



43. Calyx without glands or with small glands inside; stamens inserted near the base of the corolla-tube; seeds beaked; inflorescence 



paniculate, many-flowered 4. Anodcndron 



3B. Shrubs or small trees; corolla 4-5 cm. wide, the throat appcndaged; leaves in 3's or 4's at the nodes 5. Nerium 



1. AMSONIA Choji-so Zoku 



Glabrous or hairy erect herbs or subshrubs; leaves alternate, membranous; flowers 5-merous, usually blue, in terminal corymbs 

 or panicles; calyx 5-parted, without glands, the segments narrow; corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, narrow, slightly in- 

 flated in upper part, villous within, without scales on the throat, the lobes narrow, sinistrorsely contorted; anthers obtuse, unap- 

 pendaged on the tube, free; carpels 2, follicular; style solitary, filiform, the stigma thick, with a reflexed membranous appendage; 



ovules many, in 2 series; follicles 2, cylindric; seeds many, oblong, obliquely truncate at both ends, not comose. Few species, 



in N. America and Japan. 



1. Amsonia elliptica (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. Taker- about 8 mm. long, the lobes narrowly oblong, nearly as long 



naemonUina elliptica Thunb. Ch6ji-s6. Glabrous peren- as the tube; follicles obliquely spreading, 5-6 cm. long, gla- 



nial; stems erect, 40-80 cm. high, terete, slightly branched in brous, terete; seeds narrowly oblong, 7-10 mm. long, obliquely 

 upper part; leaves alternate or opposite, lanceolate, 6-10 cm. truncate at both ends, brown, irregularly rugose. May- 

 long, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, subsessile, deep green; in- June. Grassy places along rivers in lowlands; Hokkaido, Hon- 



florescence cymose, many-flowered, terminal; flowers blue, shu, Kyushu. Korea and China. 



about 13 mm. across; calyx-lobes 1-2 mm. long; corolla-tube 



2. APOCYNUM L. Bashi-kurumon Zoku 



Usually glaucescent perennial herbs or subshrubs; leaves alternate or opposite, with weak, pinnate nerves; flowers small, in 

 dense to loose cymes; calyx small, deeply 5-lobed, without glands inside, the lobes acute; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, with 5 

 short appendages inside, glabrous, dextrorsely contorted; stamens alternate with the appendages of the corolla, inserted on the 

 lower portion of corolla-tube, the filaments very short, the anthers convergent, slightly adherent to stigma, the anther-locules 



appendaged at base; carpels 2; stigma sessile; follicles elongate; seeds comose, small. Few species, in s. Europe, Asia, and 



N. America. 



1. Apocynum basikurumon Hara. A. venetum sensu obtuse, mucronate, broadly cuneate at base and short-petiolate, 



auct. Japon., non L.; A. venetum var. basi\urumon Hara, in callose on the margin; inflorescence a terminal panicle, the 



syn.; Trachomitum venetum var. basil{tirumon (Hara) Hara bracts thinly membranous, narrow, caducous; calyx deeply 



Bashi-kurumon. Glabrous except the flowers; rhizomes 5-parted, slightly puberulent, the lobes about 2 mm. long; 



diick; stems 40-80 cm. long, branched, reddish; leaves of the corolla pale rose, 6-7.5 mm. long, papillose-puberulous on both 



main stems alternate, those of the branches opposite, oblong- sides, 5-lobed. July. Near seashores; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), 



ovate to oblong, 2-5 cm. long, 7-15 mm. wide, rounded to Honshu (Japan Sea side from Mutsu to Echigo Prov.). 



3. TRACHELOSPERMUM Lem. Teika-kazura Zoku 



Scandent evergreen, woody or rarely herbaceous, glabrous or sometimes pilose; leaves opposite, penninenxd; cymes loosely 

 flowered, terminal and axillary; flowers white, often changing to yellow; calyx small, 5-parted, with 5 or ID glands inside; corolla 

 salverform, without scales on the throat, the lobes 5, spreading, falcate-obovate; stamens 5, on the tube within, the anthers 

 acuminate, partially exserted from the throat, connate and adnate to the stigma; carpels 2, with a single elongate style; ovules 



many; follicles elongate, cylindric; seeds comose. More than 10 species, chiefly in the warmer and subtropical regions of 



e. Asia, few in N. America. 



