ASCLEPIADACEAE 



747 



Stems erect, about 30 cm. long, short-pubescent; leaves lanceo- 

 late, 9-10 cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse at base, 

 short-pilose on both surfaces especially on nerves beneath, with 

 8-15 pairs of lateral nerves, the petioles 4-7 mm. long; cymes 

 short-pedunculate, few-flowered, short-pubescent; flowers about 

 1.5 cm. across; calyx-segments glabrous to puberulent, lanceo- 

 late; corolla whitish, glabrous on both surfaces, the lobes ob- 

 long, rounded at apex; corona as long as the gynostegium, 

 brown, the lobes ovate-orbicular. Reported to occur in Hon- 

 shu. 

 Var. kiyohikoanum (Honda) Ohwi. C. \iyohi\oanum 



Honda Aki-no-kus.\-t.\chibana. Flowers dark purple; 



corolla-lobes puberulent inside. Honshu (Aki Prov.). 



7. Cynanchum grandifoUum Hemsl. Vincetoxictim 

 macrophyllum Sieb. & Zucc; C. macrophyllum (Sieb. & Zucc.) 

 Matsum., non Thunb.; C. t^iusianum Nakai; C lasiocarpum 



Koidz. TsuKUSHi-cASHiwA, O-TACHi-GASHiWA. Stems 50- 



100 cm. long, scandent, puberulent or nearly glabrous, with 

 the largest leaves below the middle, those above remote and 

 smaller; larger leaves thinly membranous, sparsely puberulent, 

 ovate-orbicular to ovate or broadly elliptic, 12-25 cm. long, 

 10-15 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, rounded to subacute at 

 base, the petioles 3-6 cm. long; inflorescence axillary and termi- 

 nal, usually short-pedunculate, much branched, rather large, 

 puberulent, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; calyx-segments lanceo- 

 late, acuminate; corolla purple-brown or dark purple, 8-10 

 mm. across, the lobes lanceolate, obtuse, white crisped-pubes- 

 cent inside; follicles spreading to slightly deflexed, linear- 

 lanceolate, usually puberulent, 5-8 cm. long, about 4 mm. 

 wide; seeds broadly lanceolate, about 12 mm. long, flat, wing- 

 less, smooth. Mountains; Honshu (w. distr.), Shikoku, 



Kyushu. 



Var. nikoense (Maxim.) Ohwi. Vincetoxicum macrophyl- 

 lum var. nilipense Maxim.; C. m\oense (Maxim.) Makino; C. 



macrophyUtim var. ni\oense (Maxim.) Matsum. Tsuru- 



GASHnvA. Inflorescence short, rather few-flowered; follicles 

 more puberulent. Woods in mountains; Honshu, Shikoku. 



8. C>Tianchuna magnificum Nakai. C. nikpense Ma- 

 kino, excl. syn. Tachi-cashiwa. Closely resembles the 



preceding species; stems 30-60 cm. long, erect, usually loosely 

 puberulent, with few pairs of larger leaves, close together near 

 the top; larger leaves ovate-orbicular to rhombic-elliptic, or 

 broadly elliptic, 10-15 cm. long, 7-13 cm. wide, abruptly 

 acute or shordy acuminate, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; inflores- 

 cence near the top of the stems, rather densely flowered, small, 

 puberulent, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; corolla-lobes lanceolate, 

 glabrous on both sides, obtuse, about 5 mm. long; corona 

 small, the lobes semirounded; follicles narrowly lanceolate, 

 5-7 cm. long, 5-6 mm. wide, nearly glabrous, ascending to 

 suberect. May-June. Woods in mountains; Honshu, Shi- 

 koku. 



9. Cynanchum katoi Ohwi. Kusanagi-ogoke. Fig. 13. 

 Rather slender, thinly puberulent perennial; stems 30-100 cm. 

 long, usually becoming somewhat scandent; largest leaves thinly 

 membranous, of few pairs close together below the middle of 

 the stem, narrowly elliptic or oblong, 7-15 cm. long, 3-5 cm. 

 wide, acuminate, acute to acuminate at base, the petioles 7-12 

 mm. long, the upper smaller leaves of few pairs; inflorescence 

 loosely rather many-flowered, rather large, branched, glabrous 

 or nearly so, the pedicels 5-18 mm. long, filiform; calyx-seg- 

 ments lanceolate; corolla purplish, 7-9 mm. across, the lobes 

 oblong, glabrous on both sides; corona-lobes ovate-deltoid, 

 obtuse, small; follicles lanceolate, 4-5 cm. long, 7-8 mm. wide; 



seeds oblong, 6-7 mm. long, obsoletely dark-spotted. June. 



Honshu (Tokaido and e. Kinki Distr.) ; rather rare. 



Forma albescens (Hara) Ohwi. C. I^atoi var. albescens 

 Hara Shirobana-kusanaci-ocoke. Flowers white. 



10. Cynanchum atratum Bunge. Vincetoxicum atra- 



tum (Bunge) Morr. 5c Decne. ex Decne. Funabara-so, 



RoKuoN-s6. White-pubescent, especially on the inflorescence, 

 upper part of stems, and lower side of leaves; stems erect, 

 simple, 40-80 cm. long, rather thick; leaves elliptic, broadly 

 ovate or ovate-orbicular, 6-I0(-15) cm. long, 3-7(-I0) cm. 

 wide, acute to abruptly so, or sometimes rounded and mucro- 

 nate, the petioles 8-12 mm. long; inflorescence umbellate, in 

 the upper axils, densely flowered, sessile or very short-peduncu- 

 late, the pedicels shorter than the flowers; calyx-segments 

 lanceolate, slightly shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla 5- 

 lobed, thinly puberulent outside, dark purple and glabrous 

 inside, the lobes ovate-oblong, 6-8 mm. long, obtuse; corona- 

 lobes elliptic, rounded, nearly as long as the gynostegium; 

 follicles broadly lanceolate, densely puberulent, 7-8 cm. long, 



about 1.5 cm. wide. May-June. Mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



Forma viridescens Hara. Ao-funabara-s6. Flowers 



green. 



Cynanchum X sakaianum Honda. Mivam.\-funabara-s6. 

 Hybrid of C. ascyrifolium X C. atratum. 



11. Cynanchum japonicum Morr. & Decne. Vincetoxi- 

 cum japonicum Morr. & Decne., ex Decne.; Vincetoxicum ja- 

 ponicum var. verum. Maxim.; V. japonicum var. grayanum 



Maxim.; C. grayanum (Maxim.) Koidz.- Iyo-kazura, So- 



zuME-No-OGOKE. White crisped-hairy on the stems, the nerves 

 of both leaf surfaces, and the inflorescence; stems simple or 

 sparingly branched, often somewhat scandent, 30-80 cm. long; 

 leaves elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or obovate, 3-10 an. long, 2-7 cm. 

 wide, rounded to obtuse and often mucronate, rounded at 

 base, the petioles 3-10 mm. long; inflorescence umbellate, 

 sometimes sparingly branched, pedunculate or subsessile, 

 rather densely flowered, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx- 

 segments broadly lanceolate; corolla about 8 mm. across, 

 deeply 5-lobed, creamy, the tube shorter than the calyx, the 

 lobes narrowly ovate, 4-5 mm. long, glabrous on both sides; 

 corona-lobes obovoid-orbicular, nearly as long as the gynosteg- 

 ium; follicles broadly lanceolate, 5-6 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. 

 across, glabrous; seeds broadly ovate, 8-10 mm. long, narrowly 

 winged. May-July. Thickets and grassy slopes near sea- 

 shores; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common.- — Korea 

 and China. 



Var. albiflonim (Fr. & Sav.) Hara. Vincetoxicum pur- 

 purasccns var. albiflorum (Fr. & Sav.) Hara; C. purpurascens 

 var. albiflorum (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum.; C. albiflorum (Fr. & 



Sav.) Koidz. Shirobana-kusa-tachibana, Bir6do-iyo-ka- 



zuRA. Leaves thinner, abruptly acute, obtuse to rounded at 



base. Occurs with the typical phase. Forma puncticu- 



latum (Koidz.) Ohwi. C. puncticulatum Koidz.; C. japoni- 

 cum var. puncticulatum (Koidz.) Hara; Vincetoxicum rubel- 



lum Fr. & Sav.; C. rubcllum (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. 



KuROBANA-iYO-KAZURA. Flowers purplc. 



Cynanchum purpurascens Morr. & Decne. Vincetoxicum 

 japonicum var. purpurascens (Morr. & Decne.) Maxim., 



partim. Murasaki-suzume-no-ogoke. Leaves narrower, 



acuminate to cuspidate; flowers on rather long pedicels; calyx 



loosely pilose. Described from a cultivated plant. Allied to 



C. japonicum. 



