750 



ASCLEPIADACEAE 



Var. auriculatum (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. Vincetoxicum 

 sublanceolatum var. auriculatum Fr. & Sav.; C. harunamon- 

 tanum Honda; C. retropilum Nakai Joshu-kamomezuru. 



Petioles in lower leaves 8-15 mm. long; flowers dark purple; 



corona-lobes rather depressed. Aug. Honshu (centr. distr. 



and Kan to). 



3. TYLOPHORA R. Br. O-kamomezuru Zoku 



Herbs, sometimes subshrubs, usually scandent, rarely suberect; leaves opposite, entire; cymes branched or rarely umbellike, 

 sometimes racemelike; flowers small; calyx deeply 5-lobed or parted, the lobes acute; corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes con- 

 torted or nearly valvate in bud; corona-lobes 5, fleshy, forming a connate annulus at base, adnate to the stamens; stamens in- 

 serted on the corolla-tube or on the throat, the filaments short, connate, the anthers erect, short, with an incurved membrane at 

 apex, the poUinia solitary in each locule, discoid, globose to ovoid, erect or laterally attached to a slender horizontally spreading 

 caudicle; follicles lanceolate, acuminate, smooth; seeds comose. Many species in se. and e. Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Aus- 

 tralia, few in Africa. In habit scarcely distinguishable in our area from Cynanchum except by the more strongly scandent 

 branches and generally looser inflorescence. 



lA. Leaves membranous, more or less cordate at base. 



2A. Corona-lobes much shorter than the gynostegium, erect 1. T. ni\oensis 



2B. Corona-lobes at least half as long as the gynostegium, radially spreading. 



3A. Leaves rather small, 3-7 cm. long, acute; inflorescence diffuse and much branched; corolla-lobes glabrous inside. . . 2.T. floribunda 

 3B. Leaves rather larger, 7-12 cm. long, acuminate; inflorescence small, often umbellike; corolla-lobes puberulent inside, at least on 



upper part 3. T. aristolochioides 



IB. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, obtuse or rounded at base. 



4A. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, prominently short-pubescent beneath; inflorescence rather umbellike, slightly branched. 



4. T. tana\ae 

 4B. Leaves lanceolate, glabrous except on midrib above; inflorescence much branched 5.7. japonica 



1. Tylophora nikoensis (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum. Vince- deltoid-ovate to broadly deltoid-lanceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 2-5 



toxicum ni\oense Fr. & Sav. Ko-kamomezuru. Scandent cm. wide, long-acuminate, shallowly cordate at base, often 



nearly glabrous or thinly puberulent perennial herb; stems obscurely auriculate, puberulent on upper side, the petioles 

 slender, elongate, branched; lower leaves membranous, nar- 1.5-3 cm. long; upper leaves smaller; inflorescence small, 

 rowly deltoid-ovate or narrowly ovate, 4-7 cm. long, 1.2-2.5 slightly branched, umbellike, usually shorter to slightly longer 

 cm. wide, smaller in the upper ones, acuminate, shallowly than the petiole, glabrous, the pedicels 3-10 mm. long; calyx- 

 cordate with an open sinus at base, glabrate to thinly puberu- segments deltoid, small; corolla dark purplish, 5-7 mm. across, 

 lent, the petioles 5-15 mm. long; inflorescence branched, the lobes narrowly ovate, obtuse, white-pubescent inside; 

 loosely many-flowered, longer than to nearly as long as the corona-lobes radially spreading, obovate, obtuse, shorter than 

 leaves, nearly glabrous, the pedicels 5-10 mm. long; calyx- the gynostegium; follicles horizontally spreading, narrowly 

 lobes small, ovate-deltoid; corolla dark purple, 4-5 mm. across, lanceolate, 4-6 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, glabrous; seeds nar- 



the lobes spreading, narrowly ovate; corona-lobes shorter than rowly ovate, narrowly margined, about 6 mm. long. July. 



the gynostegium; follicles lanceolate, glabrous, 4-5 cm. long. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather com- 



4-5 mm. wide; seeds ovate, 4-5 mm. long. July-Aug. mon. 



Thickets in lowlands and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 4. Tylophora tanakae Maxim. Vincetoxicum tanahae 



siiu. (Maxim.) Fr. & Sav. Tsuru-morinka. Scandent much- 



2. Tylophora floribunda Miq. Vincetoxicum fori- branched slender perennial herb, rather densely yellowish 



bundum (Miq.) Fr. & Sav.; T. si\o\iana Matsum. Tosa- short-crispate and soft pubescent on stems and lower leaf 



KAMOMEZURU. Scandent herb with short rhizomes, glabrous surfaces; leaves subcoriaceous, broadly ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or 

 or nearly so, crisped-hairy on nerves of the upper leaf surface; ovate, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4.5 cm. wide, rounded to obtuse, 

 stems slender, elongate, much branched; lower leaves narrowly rounded at base, glabrate and lustrous above, paler beneath, 

 oblong-ovate to broadly lanceolate, 3-7 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, the petioles 5-12 mm. long; inflorescence pedunculate or sub- 

 abruptly acuminate, cordate at base, puberulent on upper side, sessile, many-flowered, rather umbellike, slightly branched, 

 the petioles 1-2 cm. long; inflorescence diffuse and much nearly as long as the leaves, the pedicels slender, nearly gla- 

 branched, slender, loosely many-flowered, usually longer than brous, 7-10 mm. long; calyx-segments small, ovate; corolla 6-7 

 the leaves, glabrous, the pedicels 4-7 mm. long; calyx-segments mm. across, the lobes narrowly deltoid-ovate, glabrous; corona- 

 ovate-deltoid, small; corolla dark purplish, 3-4 mm. across, the lobes erect, ovate-deltoid, about half as long as the gynosteg- 

 lobes glabrous, narrowly ovate; corona-lobes depressed-globose, ium; follicles horizontally spreading, lanceolate, often loosely 

 spreading, about half as long as the gynostegium; follicles pubescent, sometimes glabrous, 5-6 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide; 



horizontally spreading, narrowly lanceolate, about 5 cm. long, seeds broadly ovate, narrowly winged, about 6 mm. long. 



glabrous. Aug. Honshu (Chugoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyu- Aug. Honshu (Izu Prov.), Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



shu.- Korea and China. 5. Tylophora japonica Miq. Vincetoxicum sieboldii 



3. Tylophora aristolochioides Miq. Vincetoxicum ans- Fr. & Sav.; T. liu\iuensis Matsum.; Henrya augustiniana 



tolochioides (Miq.) Fr. & Sav.; T. yoshinagae Makino forma liu}(iuensis (Matsum.) Makino; H. liukiuensis (Ma- 



O-KAMOMEZURu. Much-branchcd, slender, scandent peren- tsum.) Koidz.; Cynanchum sieboldii (Fr. & Sav.) Ohwi 



nial, nearly glabrous except for fine crispate hairs on nerves of Tokiwa-kamomezueu. Nearly glabrous scandent herb with 



upper leaf surface while young; larger leaves membranous, firm slender striate branches; leaves thick and rather firm. 



