756 



BORAGINACEAE 



cm. across, yellow when mature. May-June. Warmer 



parts; Honshu (Awa Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Ryukyus, Formosa, and China. 



2. Ehretia ovalifolia Hassk. E. seirata var. obovata 

 Lindl.; E. acuminata var. obovata (Lindl.) Johnston; Cordia 

 thyrsiflora Sieb. & Zucc; E. thyrsifiora (Sieb. & Zucc.) Nakai; 



E. acuminata sensu auct. Japon., non R. Br. Chisha-no-ki. 



Smooth, nearly glabrous deciduous tree with rather slender 

 branches; leaves obovate to obovate-oblong, 5-12(-18) cm. 



long, 3-7 (-10) cm. wide, abruptly acute, with short appressed 

 teeth, the petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long; inflorescence a large 

 densely many-flowered pyramidal panicle, glabrous to slightly 

 short-pilose; calyx about 2 mm. long, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes 

 broadly elliptic, rounded at apex, rarely ciliolate; corolla small, 



4-5 mm. long, white; fruit 4-5 mm. across. June. Honshu 



(Chijgoku Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



China, and Korea (Quelpaert IsL). 



2. MESSERSCHMIDIA L. 



SUNABIKI-SO ZoKU 



Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire; flowers small, usually in branched terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted; corolla-tube 

 cylindric, unappendaged in the throat, the lobes 5, induplicate in bud; stamens 5, included and inserted on the dilated portion 

 of the corolla-tube; ovary 4-locular, undivided; style terminal, simple, with an annulus below the stigma; stigma usually bifid; 

 ovules pendulous; fruit a drupe, the exocarp corky, stones 4, free. Three species, in Europe, Asia, Australia, and S. America. 



lA. Rhizomatous perennial herb; inflorescence corymbose; flowers pedicelled; fruit hairy, 5-7 mm. wide; leaves 7-30 mm. wide, appressed 

 grayish strigose on both sides 1 . M. sibirica 



IB. Large shrub 1-5 m. high; inflorescence branches scorpioid; flowers sessile; fruit glabrous, about 4 mm. across; leaves 3-6 cm. wide, 

 densely whitish silky on both surfaces 2. M. argentea 



1. Messerschmidia sibirica L. Tournefortia sibirica 

 L.; M. arguzia L.; Heliotropium japonicum A. Gray; M. sibi- 

 rica var. latijolia (DC.) Hara; Tournefortia arguzia var. lati- 



folia DC. SuNABiKi-s6. Perennial herb, long appressed- 



strigose, with creeping rhizomes; stems 30-50 cm. long, rather 

 fleshy, sometimes branched; leaves oblanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, 4-10 cm. long, 7-30 mm. wide, obtuse, sessile; in- 

 florescence corymbose, few-flowered, terminal or often appear- 

 ing lateral, pedunculate; flowers white, short-pedicellate; calyx- 

 segments lanceolate, 3-5 mm. long; corolla-tube slender, 6-7 

 mm. long, longer than the limb, densely appressed-pubescent, 

 the limb shallowly 5-lobed, with a yellow center; fruit broadly 

 ellipsoidal, 8-10 mm. long, 5-7 mm. wide, obtusely 4-angled, 



pubescent, depressed at apex, with a short style. May-Aug. 



Sand-dunes along the sea; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; rather common. Korea, s. Siberia, and w. Europe. 



2. Messerschmidia argentea (L. f.) Johnston. Tourne- 

 fortia argentea L. f. ^Monpa-no-ki, Hama-murasaki-no-ki. 



Densely leafy shrub, 1-5 m. high, with thick, terete branches; 

 leaves fleshy, narrowly obovate to obovate-spathulate, 10-20 

 cm. long, 3-6(-9) cm. wide, rounded to obtuse or retuse, ap- 

 pressed whitish silky-hairy, the lateral nerves strongly arcuate, 

 ascending; inflorescence terminal, rather large, pedunculate, 

 branched in upper part, silvery gray hairy, the branches 

 scorpioid, many flowered; flowers small, white, sessile; calyx- 

 segments as long as the corolla-tube; corolla-tube 1.5-2 mm. 

 long, the limb about 4 mm. across, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes 

 elliptic, slightly appressed-pilose on back near base; anthers 



semi-exserted; fruit globose, about 4 mm. across, glabrous. 



Aug.-Nov. Seashores; Kyushu (Tanegashima) ; very rare. 

 Ryukyus, Formosa, se. Asia to Australia, and Madagascar. 



3. CYNOGLOSSUM L. O-ruri-so Zoku 



Usually tall biennial or perennial herbs, coarsely gray-white strigose; radical leaves often long-petiolate; racemes usually elon- 

 gate, sometimes in a loose panicle, secund, bractless or rarely bracteate, often dichotomously forked; flowers pedicelled or nearly 

 sessile, blue to white; calyx 5-parted; corolla small, the tube short, with obmse or reniform appendages on throat, the lobes 5, 

 imbricate in bud; stamens not exserted; ovules horizontal; nutlets 4, prickly, depressed, apically attached to the gynobase, flat, 

 gently convex on back. About 70 species, in temperate regions and mountains of the subtropics. 



lA. Lower part of stems with coarse spreading hairs about 2 mm. long; leaves coarsely hispid; racemes rather loosely flowered, the branches 



ascending; nutlets about 3 mm. long excluding the prickles 1. C. asperrimum 



IB. Stems with hairs less than 1 mm. long; leaves with short coarse or appressed hairs; racemes rather densely flowered, the branches 

 obliquely spreading; nutlets 2-2.5 mm. long excluding the prickles. 



2A. Leaves 4-7 cm. long, relatively thick; hairs on leaves and stems longer 2. C. lanceolatum 



2B. Leaves 10-15 cm. long, relatively thin; hairs shorter 3. C. zeylanictim 



1. Cynoglossum asperrimum Nakai. Paracynoglossum times in clearings in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



asperrimum (Nakai) Popov; C. furcatum sensu auct. Japon., Kyushu. s. Kuriles and Korea. 



non Wall. Oni-ruri-so. Coarsely strigose biennial; stems Var. tosaense (Nakai) Hara. C. tosaense Nakai Tosa- 



40-80 cm. long, much branched in upper part, rather stout, ruri-so. Leaves less densely hairy on upper side. Occurs 



hairs of lower half spreading, about 2 mm. long; lower leaves with the typical phase. 



petiolate, the median ones sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm. Var. yesoense Nakai. Ezo-ruri-so. Inflorescence more 



long, 2-3 cm. wide, acuminate at both ends, coarsely strigose prominently hairy. Occurs with the typical phase. 



on upper side and on nerves beneath; leaves on branches 3-10 2. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsk. C. formosanum 



cm. long, 7-20 mm. wide; racemes 15-20 cm. long, loosely Nakai; C. micranthum sensu auct. Japon., non Desf. Tai- 



flowered; flowers pale blue, about 3 mm. across; calyx-segments wan-ruri-s6, Shima-ruri-so. Biennial, scabrous, densely short 



reflexed in fruit. June-Aug. Riverbanks and valleys, some- grayish strigose, the hairs retrorse on lower part of stems, 



