BORAGINACEAE 



757 



spreading on the lower leaves beneath to ascending or up- 

 wardly appressed; stems 30-50 cm. long, branched in upper 

 part; lower leaves petiolate, the median sessile or short-pctio- 

 late, narrowly oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 4-7 cm. long, 1-2 

 cm. wide, acute, acuminate at base, upper leaves 1.5-3 cm. 

 long; racemes densely flowered, IO-20 cm. long; flowers about 

 3 mm. across, white or bluish; calyx-segments obliquely spread- 

 ing in fruit. July-Aug. Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



and widely spread in all warmer regions. 



3. Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Vahl) Thunb. C. jur- 

 calum sensu auct. Japon., non Wall.; Anchusa zeylanica Vahl 



UsLiBA-RURi-s6. Biennial; hairs on lower part of stems 



and leaves beneath retrorse, otherwise the hairs short and 



upwardly appressed; stems 40-70 cm. long, branched; lower 

 leaves long-petiolate, the median ones sessile or short-petiolate, 

 narrowly oblong or broadly lanceolate, 10-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. 

 wide, acute to acuminate, gradually narrowed at base, rather 

 densely appressed-pilose above, sparsely long-pubescent beneath 

 especially on nerves, the upper leaves sessile, 3-10 cm. long, 

 obtuse at base; racemes 10-20 cm. long, rather densely 

 flowered; flowers bluish, sometimes white, about 4 mm. across, 

 the pedicels short; calyx-segments spreading in fruit. July-Aug. 



Kyushu. s. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, and s. Asia. 



Var. villosulum (Nakai) Ohwi. C. villosidtim Nakai 



0-RURi-s6. Hairs obliquely spreading to retrorse. Honshu 



and (?) Shikoku. 



4. OMPHALODES Moench Ruri-s6 Zoku 



Annuals or perennials, glabrous or hirsute; radical leaves petiolate or narrowed to a petiolelike base; cauline leaves few, alter- 

 nate; inflorescence a simple or forked raceme sometimes bracteate at base, loosely flowered; flowers white or blue, pedicelled; calyx 

 5-parted or lobed, slighdy accrescent in fruit; corolla rotate, gibbous or scaly on the throat, the lobes 5, imbricate in bud; stamens 

 included; nutlets 4, depressed, excavated on back, attached to a fiat or convex gynobase with a broad attachment on upper por- 

 tion of ventral face, the dorsal margin extended to form a smoodi ringlike or glochidiate crown; seeds nearly horizontal. 



About 20 species, in Europe, N. Africa, and Asia. 



lA. Stems 1 (-3), erect; inflorescence usually leafless, dichotomously forked 1. O. k/ameri 



IB. Stems few, ascending from a short -decumbent base; inflorescence with few leaflike bracts at base, simple, not forked. 



2\. Leaves with long and short hairs; rhizomes rather stout, short 2. O. japonica 



2B. Leaves with long hairs of one sort; rhizomes slender and proliferating from the a.xil of the lowest bract 3. 0. prolijera 



1. Otnphalodes krameri Fr. & Sav. Ruri-s6. Peren- 

 nial with coarse spreading white hairs; rhizomes short, rather 

 diick; stems solitary or few, erect, simple, 25-40 cm. long; 

 leaves broadly oblanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, 

 acute, the radical leaves long-petiolate, the cauline sessile or 

 narrowed to a short petiolelike base; inflorescence pedunculate, 

 dichotomously forked, usually leafless, loosely flowered, erect; 

 flowers blue, 1-1.5 cm. across, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 calyx-segments accrescent after anthesis, narrowly ovate, 5-8 

 mm. long; nutlets orbicular, about 3.5 mm. across, slightly de- 

 pressed, excavated on the dorsal face, glochidiate on the margin 

 of the erect crown. Apr.-June. Woods in mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu. Forma alba (T. Ito) Hara. Omphalodes 



krameri var. alba T. Ito. Shirobana-ruri-s6. Flowers 



white. 



Var. laevisperma (Nakai) Ohwi. O. laevisperma Nakai 



EcHico-RURi-s6. Nutlets smooth, not spiny. Honshu 



(Echigo Prov.). 



2. Omphalodes japonica (Thunb.) Maxim. Cynoglos- 

 sum japonictim Maxim.- Yam.\-ruri-s6. Coarsely spread- 



ing-hirsute perennial with short, stout rhizomes; stems scapi- 

 form, few, ascending from a decumbent base, 12-20 cm. long, 

 sometimes branched near the base; radical leaves oblanceolate 

 or broadly so, 7-15 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, acute, gradually 

 narrowed to a petiolelike base, with short and long hairs on 



both sides, the cauline leaves few, smaller, sessile, 1-6 cm. long, 

 becoming bracteate in the uppermost; racemes simple, not 

 branched, loosely several-flowered, with few bracts at base, the 

 pedicels deflexed after anthesis, 8-15 mm. long; calyx-segments 

 narrowly ovate, accrescent after anthesis, 5-8 mm. long; corolla 

 about 1 cm. across, blue; nutlets smooth, about 3 mm. long. 

 — — Apr.-May. Woods in mountains; Honshu (Iwashiro 



Prov. and southw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Forma albiflora S. 



Okamoto. Shirobana-yama-ruri-s6. Flowers white. 



Var. echinosperma Kitam. Toge-yama-ruri-so. Nut- 

 lets short-glochidiate on margin of the crown. Shikoku; 



rare. 



3. Omphalodes prolifera Ohwi. Hai-ruri-s6. Fig. 14. 

 Perennial herb uniformly hirsute with long spreading hairs; rhi- 

 zomes slender; radical leaves 4 or 5, oblanceolate, 12-25 cm. 

 long, 2.5-4 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, gradually attenuate 

 at base; scapes 1 to 3, decumbent after anthesis; cauline leaves 

 2 or 3, remote, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, the upper rounded 

 at base, 4-8 cm. long; racemes terminal, simple, loosely 4- to 

 8-flowered, the bracts 1 to 3, similar to the cauline leaves, the 

 lowest bract always proliferous in the axil in fruit; corolla 

 rose-colored, the hmb nearly 1 cm. across, 5-parted, the lobes 

 orbicular; nutlets smooth, about 2 mm. long. May. Hon- 

 shu (Owari Prov.); rare. 



5. ERITRICHIUM Schrad. Miyama-murasaki Zoku 



Tufted hispid or silky perennials; leaves alternate, usually narrow; racemes simple or branched, bractlcss or rarely bracteate at 

 base, the flowers very rarely axillary; calyx deeply 5-fid, the segments accrescent after anthesis; corolla blue or white, small, the 

 tube short, the throat usually 5-scalcd, the lobes 5, imbricate in bud, spreading, obtuse; stamens 5, inserted on the tube, included, 

 the filaments short, the anthers obtuse; gynobase convex to columnar; nudets usually 4, erect, areolate on the inner face, smooth, 

 rugose, or tuberded, rarely glochidiate on die margin; seeds straight, rarely curved. About 10 species, in Eurasia. 



