760 



BORAGINACEAE 



9. BUGLOSSOIDES Moench Inu-murasaki Zoku 



Annuals or perennials; leaves alternate; racemes one-sided, simple to twice or thrice branched, usually elongate, prominently 

 bracteate; calyx 5-fid, the lobes narrow; corolla blue or white, infundibuliform or salverform, sometimes incurved, plaited, usually 

 appressed-hairy outside, with 5 longitudinal lines of hairs inside, the lobes spreading to ascending, imbricate in bud; stamens 

 included; gynobase flat or depressed-pyramidal; nutlets 1-4, erect to strongly divergent, smooth or rough, rounded or angulate, 

 the attachment basal or oblique. About 10 species, in Europe, n. Africa, and Asia. 



lA. Flowers 15-18 mm. across, blue or rarely white; nutlets smooth; leaves oblong, 1-2 cm. wide; perennial with Innovation shoots at 

 base I. B. zolUngeri 



IB. Flowers 4-5 mm. across, white; nutlets rugose; leaves lanceolate to broadly linear, 1-3 (-7) mm. wide; biennial without innovation 

 shoots at base 2. B. arvense 



1. Buglossoides zollingeri (DC.) Johnston. Lhho- 

 spermutn zollingeri DC; L. japonicum A. Gray; L. conferti- 



f-orum Miq.; Plagiobotrys zollingeri (DC.) Johnston Ho- 



TARu-KAZURA. Perennial; stems slender, erect, with elongate 

 innovation shoots at the base; leaves oblong to narrowly so, 

 rarely broadly oblanceolate, 2.5-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, 

 acute, sessile, with callose-based strigose hairs on upper surface, 

 the midrib distinct; flowers in upper axils, 15-18 mm. across; 

 calyx-segments linear-lanceolate, acuminate; corolla blue or 



rarely white; nutlets smooth, white, 2.5-3 mm. long. Apr.- 



May. Sunny grassy slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Korea, China, and Formosa. 



2. Buglossoides arvensis (L.) Johnston. Lithospermum 



arvense L. Inu-murasaki. Rather grayish appressed- 



strigose biennial; stems erect, 20-40 cm. long, nearly simple 

 or branched; leaves cauline, rather thick, narrowly lanceolate 

 to broadly linear, 1-3 cm. long, 1-3 (-7) mm. wide, obtuse, 

 ascending, 1-nerved, the margin often slightly recurved; 

 flowers white, 4-5 mm. across, 6-7 mm. long; nutlets gray, 



ovoid, obtuse, rugose. Apr.-June. Sunny grassy places in 



lowlands and low mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



The temperate regions of Europe and Asia. 



10. LITHOSPERMUM L. 



MuRASAKi Zoku 



Usually perennials from a strong, frequently dye-stained taproot; stems simple or somewhat branched, hispid, villous, or stri- 

 gose, erect, or spreading; leaves cauline, usually many; racemes scorpioid, simple or paired, few to many-flowered, the bracts 

 usually many; calyx 5-fid, the lobes linear-cuneate to lanceolate; corolla yellow, orange, or white, or rarely bluish, salverform, 

 infundibuliform, or tubular, the lobes imbricate in bud, often with 5 appendages on the throat; gynobase flat to broadly pyramidal; 

 nutlets erect, usually ovoid or ellipsoidal, convex on back, smooth or rarely rugose, the areole large, basal, flat, convex, or exca- 

 vated. About 44 species, in Eurasia, Asia, and America. 



1. Lithospermum erythrovhizon Sieb. & Zucc. L. mura- 

 sdk} Sieb., nom. seminud.; L. officinale sensu auct. Japon., 

 non L.; L. officinale var. japonica Miq.; L. officinale var. 



erythrorhizon (Sieb. & Zucc.) Maxim. ^Murasaki. Erect 



perennial with coarse hirsute stems; roots thick, purple-stained 

 when dried; stems few, erect, 40-70 cm. long, many-leaved; 

 leaves ascending, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, gradually 

 narrowed to an obtuse tip, sessile, with few parallel nerves; 



inflorescence spikelike, with leaf like bracts; calyx-segments 

 broadly linear, obtuse, longer than the corolla-tube; corolla 

 white, 6-7 mm. long, about 4 mm. across, with shallow trans- 

 verse appendages on the throat; nutlets gray-white, shining, 



smooth, about 3 mm. long, ovoid. June-July. Grassy slopes 



in mountains and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 Korea, Manchuria, China, and Amur. 



11. ANCISTROCARYA Maxim. Sawa-rdri-so Zoku 



Tall perennial herb with short erect strigose hairs; leaves alternate, oblong, fasciculate near the middle; racemes several or in 

 pairs, loosely flowered, bracdess or bracteate only in lower part; calyx deeply 5-fid, the lobes linear; corolla with a rather short 

 tube, ascending-puberulent, scaleless on die throat, the lobes 5, imbricate in bud, spreading; stamens 5, included, the anthers ob- 

 tuse; style filiform, the stigma capitate; nudets 1-2, bony, lustrous, subulate, with a hooked beak, the gynobase pyramidal, with a 

 large, basal flabelliform areole. One species, in Japan. 



1. Ancistrocarya japonica Maxim. Sawa-ruri-s6. Rhi- 

 zomes short; stems 50-80 cm. long, short appressed-strigose, 

 with about 10 leaves near the middle; leaves chartaceous, ob- 

 long to obovate-oblong, 10-20 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, short- 

 acuminate, gradually narrowed to the base, sessile, deep green 

 and scabrous above with spotted callosities, pale green and ap- 

 pressed-puberulent beneath, lateral nerves 3-5 pairs, fused to 

 the upper ones at tip; racemes 6-12 cm. long, short appressed- 

 strigose, the bracts linear, absent or present only in a few lower 



flowers; flowers erect, blue-purple, on very short pedicels; 

 calyx-segments linear-lanceolate to linear; corolla 10-13 mm. 

 long, tubular-campanulate, the lobes semirounded; nutlets 

 gray-white, gradually narrowed from the rounded broad base 



to a subulate hooked beak, 8-10 mm. long. May-June. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. Forma albiflora (Honda, pro var.) Hara. 



Shirobana-sawa-ruri-s6. Flowers white. 



