BORAGINACEAE 



761 



12. MERTENSIA Roth Hama-benkei-so Zoko 



Smooth or strigose, sometimes rather fleshy perennials; leaves alternate, often spotted; racemes terminal, sometimes loosely few- 

 flowered and cymelike or in a compound panicle; flowers blue to purplish, rarely white, pedicelled, bractless or bracteate only in 

 the lower ones; calyx 5-lobed, corolla infundibuliform, with a broad, naked, plaited, or scaled throat, the limb shallowly 5-lobcd; 

 stamens slightly exserted; gynobase convex or pyramidal; nudets 4, erect, somedmes fleshy, smooth or rugose, keeled on the ven- 

 tral face, sometimes with a winged margin, die areole elliptic and slightly excavated on inner angle of ventral face. About 20 



species, in cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Seashore specie;;; stems procumbent; inflorescence glabrous; nutlets fleshy, not wing-margined 1. M. asiatica 



IB. Alpine species; stems erect; inflorescence short appressed-strigose; nutlets not fleshy, broadly wing-margined. 



2. M. plerocarpa var. yczoensis 



1. Mertensia asiatica (Takeda) Macbr. M. marhima 

 subsp. asiatica Takeda; M. marilima sensu auct. Japon., non 

 S. F. Gray Hama-benkei-s6. Stems tufted, fleshy, pro- 

 cumbent, to I m. long, many-leaved; radical and lower leaves 

 long-petiolate, oblong, elliptic, obovate to broadly so, 3-8 cm. 

 long, 2-6 cm. wide, slightly fleshy, glabrous on both sides or 

 loosely short callose-based hairy, without distinct nerves, the 

 upper leaves subsessile; inflorescence glabrous; flowers pedi- 

 celled, bracteate, blue, 8-12 mm. long; calyx-segments gla- 

 brous, acute, as long as the corolla-tube; nutlets fleshy. 



Sandy seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). Sakhalin, 



Kuriles, Korea, and Aleutians. 



2. Mertensia pterocarpa (Turcz.) Tatew. & Ohwi var. 



yezoensis Tatew. & Ohwi. M. rivularis var. japonica Takeda, 



pro parte; M. yezoensis Tatew. & Ohwi, in syn. Ezo-ruri-s6. 



Rhizomatous perennial; stems erect, 20-40 cm. long, simple or 

 short-branched in upper part; radical leaves ovate<ordate, 

 long-peuolate, the cauline leaves ovate, 3-5 cm. long, 2-3 cm. 

 wide, shortly acuminate, abruptly narrowed to rounded and 

 sessile or subpetiolate at base, 7- to 9-nerved, with appressed 

 callose-based hairs above, glabrescent beneath; inflorescence pe- 

 dunculate, short appressed-strigose; flowers 10-12 mm. long, 

 blue; calyx lanceolate, pilose, acute, slighdy shorter than the 



corolla-tube; nutlets flat, broadly wing-margined. Aug. 



Alpine; Hokkaido; rare. The t>'pical phase occurs in the s. Ku- 

 riles. 



13. TIUGONOTIS Stev. Tabirako Zoku 



Annuals, biennials, or often slender or sometimes delicate perennials, pilose to nearly glabrous; leaves alternate, entire, simple; 

 racemes simple or branched, bractless or bracteate at base, rarely with the flowers axillary in the leaflike bracts; flowers pedi- 

 celled or subsessile, blue, rose, or white; calyx deeply 5-lobed, slightly accrescent after anthesis; corolla rotate, 5-scaled on the 

 throat, the lobes 5, imbricate in bud; stamens included; gynobase flat; nudets 4, erect, smooth, sometimes puberulent, tetrahedral 

 and slighdy flattened dorsally. About 30 species, in s. and e. Asia, Malaysia, and e. Siberia. 



lA. Pedicels longer than the calyx, ascending, spreading, or reflexed after anthesis. 

 2A. Flowers 6-10 mm. across; perennial with 5- to 15-flowered racemes. 

 3A. Flowers supra-a.\illary on the leaflike bracts. 



4A. Plant appressed-strigose 1 . T. nak.'iii 



4B. Plant spreading-strigose on lower part of stems, petioles, and underside of leaves 2. T. radicans 



3B. Flowers bractless or bracicate only in the lower ones. 



5A. Flowering stems subcrect; stolons absent; inflorescence 8- to 15-flowered, commonly branched or sometimes simple. 



3. T. giiilielmii 



5B. Flowering stems decumbent; stolons well developed; inflorescence 3- to 10-flowcred, simple and unbranched 4. T. ictimai; 



23. Flowers about 2 mm. across; biennial with many-flowered racemes 5. T. pediwcularis 



IB. Pedicels shorter than the calyx, never reflexed, appressed to the axis; flowers about 3 mm. across 6. T. brevipes 



1. Trigonotis nakaii Hara. T.rarf!Van.f sensu auct. Japon., 

 non Maxim. Chosen-kameba-s6. Somewhat tufted peren- 

 nial, 10-15 cm. high, loosely appressed-strigose; stems erect in 

 flower, decumbent in fruit; leaves ovate, 1.5-4 cm. long, acute, 

 rounded to shallowly cordate at base, the radical ones long- 

 peuolate, the upper short-petiolate; flowers supra-axillary on 

 the leaflike bracts, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, ascending in 

 anthesis, nodding or pendulous in fruit, calyx-segments accres- 

 cent after anthesis, 2.5-7 mm. long, lanceolate, acute; corolla 

 7-10 mm. across, nearly white, the tube about 2 mm. long, 

 short-pilose at base inside, the lobes orbicular, 4-5 mm. across; 

 stamens inserted above the middle of the tube, the anthers 

 about 0.8 mm. long, obtuse; nudets puberulent, dark-brown, 



about 2 mm. long on back. Mountains; Kyushu (Higo 



Prov.) ; rare. Korea and Manchuria. 



2. Trigonotis radicans (Turcz.) Stev. Myosotis radi- 

 cans Turcz.; Omphalodcs aqtiatica Brand; O. sericea Maxim.; 

 T. sericea Ohwi Ke-ruri-so. Somewhat tufted perennial. 



spreading-strigose on lower part of stems, pedoles, and under- 

 side of leaves, appressed-hairy on other parts; stems much elon- 

 gate and decumbent; leaves ovate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. 

 wide, rounded and mucronate or subacute, rounded to shal- 

 lowly cordate at base, the pedole long in the radical ones, 

 much shorter in those above; flowers supra-axillary, the pedi- 

 cels 1-2 cm. long; calyx-segments 2-5 mm. long, narrowly ob- 

 long; corolla 8-10 mm. across; stamens inserted on the middle 

 of the tube, the anthers obtuse, about 0.8 mm. long. Moun- 

 tains; Kyushu (Higo Prov.); rare. Korea and c. Siberia. 



3. Trigonotis guilielmii A. Gray, ex Guerke. Eri- 



Irichium giiilic/mii A. Gray Tachi-kameba-s6. Loosely 



appressed-strigose perennial herb with creeping rhizomes; 

 stems erect, 20-40 cm. long, simple; leaves ovate or broadly so, 

 3-7 cm. long, acute, the radical ones long-petiolate, shallowly 

 cordate, the cauline short-petiolate, truncate to broadly cuneate 

 at base; racemes 2- to 4-branched or somedmes solitary, 8- to 

 15-flowercd, bractless, the pedicels ascending, 1-1.5 cm. long; 



