Verbenaceae 763 



lA. Inflorescence a spike or raceme. 



2A. Calyx tubular, S-tootheci; nutlets 4 1- Verbena 



2B. Calyx short, bilabiate or 2- to 4-lobed; nuts 2 2. Lippia 



IB. Inflorescence a loose or dense cyme. 

 3A. Fruit a drupe; woody (in ours). 



4A. Flowers nearly actinomorphic; stamens equal; leaves usually with sessile discoid glands 3. Callicarpa 



4B. Flowers zygomorphic; stamens didymous, more or less unequal. 

 5A. Drupe with a single 4-locular stone; corolla-tube short. 



6A. Corolla 4-lobed, the lower lip slightly larger than the upper; fruit fleshy 4. Premna 



6B. Corolla 5-Iobed, the lower lip much larger than the upper; fruit dry 5. Vitex 



5B. Drupe with 4, 1-loculard stones; corolla-tube much elongate 6. Clerodendrtim 



3B. Fruit a capsule; herbaceous (in ours) 7. Caryopleris 



1. VERBENA L. Kuma-tsuzura Zoku 



Herbs or subshrubs, glabrous or with simple hairs; leaves opposite, rarely alternate or verticillate, usually toothed or divided; 

 spikes terminal; flowers small, sessile, solitary in the axils of bracts; calyx tubular, 5-ribbed, 5-toothed; corolla-tube sometimes 

 dilated in upper part, the limb spreading, subbilabiate, the lobes 5, nearly equal, the 2 posterior lobes outermost in bud, the 

 anterior and median innermost; stamens 4, didymous, included; ovary 4-parted, the ovules 4; style short, unequally 2-fid; fruit 

 enclosed in the calyx, dry, with 4 nutlets. About 120 species, chiefly in the New World, few in the Old World. 



lA. Leaves ovate, pinnately lobed to cleft, petiolate; spikes linear, much elongate after anthesis, to 30 cm. long, becoming loose in fruit. 



I. V. officinalis 

 IB. Leaves lanceolate, merely toothed on margin, sessile; spikes ellipsoidal to oblong-cylindric, 1-2 cm. long, densely flowered. 



2. V. bonariensis 



1. Verbena officinalis L. V. spuria L. Kukia-tsu- 2. Verbena bonariensis L. Sanjaku-babena. Stems 



zuRA. Loosely short-hirsute perennial; stems 4-angled, usu- to more than 1 m. high, much branched, 4-angled; leaves Ian- 

 ally branched, 30-80 cm. long; leaves cauline, ovate, 3-10 cm. ceolate, 7-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, rounded and clasping at 

 long, 2-5 cm. wide, pinnately lobed to cleft, the lobes again base, scarious; spikes many, in terminal corymbs, densely 

 incised, abruptly narrowed to a winged petiole; spikes much many-flowered; flowers small, blue-purple, about 1 cm. long, 



elongate after anthesis, to 30 cm. long; flowers pale purple, exserted from the bracts. Sometimes cultivated and natu- 



about 4 mm. across, the bracts lanceolate, nearly as long as the ralized in the western part of Honshu and Kyushu. In- 



calyx; calyx about 2 mm. long; nudets about 1.5 mm. long, troduced from S. America. 



with few longitudinal ribs on back. June-Nov. Weed in Verbena X hybrida Voss. Bijozakura. Flower heads 



waste grounds and along roadsides in lowlands; Honshu, Shi- 1.5-2 cm. across; calyx slender-tubular, about 12 mm. long, 



koku, Kyushu. A nearly cosmopolitan weed. glandular-pilose. Of garden origin and often cultivated. 



2. LIPPIA L. IwADARE-so Zoku 



Shrubs or herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs; leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, toothed or entire; inflorescence spicate; 

 flowers small, sessile, solitary in axils of bracts; calyx small, sometimes bilabiate or 2-winged, 2- or 4-lobed; corolla tubular, the 

 limb ascending and spreading, 5-lobed; stamens 4, anther-locules parallel; ovary 2-locular; ovules solitary in each locule; stigma 

 rather thick; nutlets 2. About 100 species, chiefly in the New World. 



1. Lippia nodiflora (L.) L. C. Rich. Verbena nodiflora across, very densely many-flowered, the bracts flabellate, about 



L.; Phyla chinensis Lour.; P. nodiflora (L.) Greene; L. nodi- 2.5 mm. long, cuspidate; calyx short, flattened, with 2 narrow 



flora var. sarmentosa Schauer Iwadare-s6. Perennial; wings; corolla about 2 mm. across, slightly exserted bervveen 



stems long-creeping or decumbent, much branched; leaves the bracts, subbilabiate, rose-purple; fruit broadly obovate, 



rather fleshy, obovate, 2-4 cm. long, 8-18 mm. wide, rounded about 2 mm. long; nudets slightly corky. July-Oct. Sandy 



to obtuse, long-cuneate at base, coarsely toothed toward tip, seashores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 



subsessile, 1-nerved; spikes axillary, unbranched, long-peduncu- shu; common. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and widely dis- 



late, ellipsoidal to short-cylindric, 8-20 mm. long, 6-8 mm. tributed in the warmer regions of the world. 



3. CALLICARPA L. Murasaki-shikibu Zoku 



Shrubs or trees, villous, stellate-pubescent, or glabrate; leaves opposite, toothed, usually with sessile discoid glands; cymes 

 axillary, many-flowered, sessile or pedunculate; flowers nearly regular, small, white, rose, or purplish; calyx short-campanulate, 

 truncate or 4-lobed; corolla tubular, the limb 4-lobcd, the lobes nearly equal, imbricate in bud; stamens 4, equal, the anther- 

 locules parallel; ovary incompletely 2-locular, with 2 ovules in each locule; stigma 2-fid, broad and short; drupe globose, juicy, 



4- or few-stoned. About 40 species, in the warmer parts of die N. Hemisphere, except S. America and Africa, abundant in 



se. Asia. 



lA. Plants glabrous or thinly pubescent; calyx glabrous, with very short teeth. 



2 A. Leaves caudate, glandular-dotted on both sides 1. C. shikfikiana 



2B. Leaves acuminate to acute glandular-dotted on underside only. 



