788 SOLANACEAE 



1. Scopolia japonica Maxim. Hashiri-dokoro. Gla- ones, petiolate; flowers 3-5 cm. long; calyx unequally 5-lobed; 



brous stout rhizomatous perennial; stems 30-60 cm. long, corolla about 2 cm. long, purplish yellow, S-lobed; fruit glo- 



loosely branched in upper part; leaves petioled, narrowly ob- bose, about 1 cm. across, enclosed in the accrescent calyx; seeds 



long, 10-20 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, abruptly narrowed and reniform, about 2.5 mm. across, reticulate with depressed dots, 



acute at both ends, entire or with 1 or 2 teeth in the lower Apr.-May. Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



3. PHYSALIS L. H5zuki Zoku 



Annuals or perennials often slightly woody at base, with simple or stellate hairs; leaves entire or rarely pinnatilobed; flowers 

 small, usually solitary in axils, pedicelled, blue-purple, yellowish, or whitish, often purplish toward base; calyx membranous, 

 campanulate or conical, shallowly 5-lobed or cleft, becoming bladdery in fruit, 5-angled or prominently 10-ribbed, the lobes con- 

 nivent at tip; corolla nearly rotate or very broadly campanulate, the Umb plicate in bud, 5-angled or shallowly 5-lobed; style 



slender, the stigma bifid; ovules many; berry globose, enclosed in the inflated calyx; seeds flat. About 50 species, chiefly in 



N. and S. America, few in temperate regions of the Old World. 



lA. Rhizomes long-creeping; flowers 1.5-2 cm. across 1. P. alk.e!{engi var. franchetii 



IB. Rhizomes absent or nearly so. 



2 A. Cultivated; calyx loosely short-hairy, the teeth linear-lanceolate in fruit 2. P. angulata 



2B. Spontaneous; calyx loosely pilose on the prominent winglike ribs, the hairs multicellular, broadened at base, the teeth ovate-deltoid 

 in fruit 3. P. chamaesarachoides 



1. Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Ma- few obscure teeth, petiolate; flowers solitary in axils, pale yel- 

 kino. P. franchetii Mast.; P. bunyardii Hort.; P. franchetii low, die pedicels about 1 cm. long, pubescent; calyx 4-5 mm. 



var. bunyardii Makino Hozuki. Nearly glabrous perennial long at anthesis, ovoid, about 2.5 cm. long in fruit, short- 



with long creeping rhizomes; stems 40-80 cm. long; leaves pubescent especially on the angles, green; corolla about 8 mm. 



broadly ovate, 5-12 cm. long, 3.5-9 cm. wide, acute to obtuse, long; fruit globose, about 1 cm. across. Aug.-Oct. A 



rounded to broadly cuneate at base, scattered incised-toothed tropical American plant cultivated in our area and often 



and short-pilose on margin, petiolate; flowers solitary, the pedi- naturalized. 



eels 3-4 cm. long; calyx short-tubular, 5-6 mm. long at anthe- 3. Physalis chamaesarachoides Makino. Physaliastrum 



sis, subtruncate at the base, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes narrowly chamaesarachoides (Makino) Makino Yama-hozuki. 



deltoid, obtuse, short-ciliate; corolla creamy, subrotate; fruit Plant sparsely puberulent; stems 30-60 cm. long, branched, 



globose, red, about 1.5 cm. across, enclosed by the finely soft; leaves thinly membranous, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 6-10 



veined bladdery red calyx about 4-5 cm. long. June-Aug. cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate or abrupriy short-acumi- 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea, n. China. nate, rounded to cuneate at base, green, usually with few ir- 



The typical phase occurs in Europe and w. Asia. Forma regular coarse teeth, the petioles winged in upper part; flowers 



monstrosa Miq. Yoraku-hozuki. An abnormal sterile 1 or 2 in leaf-axils, pendulous, white, 7-8 mm. long, the pedi- 



phase; spike pendulous, many-bracteate but without flowers. eels glabrous, 1-2 cm. long; calyx 3-4 mm. long at anthesis. 



Cultivated. ovoid-globose, 12-15 mm. long in fruit, loosely pilose on the 



2. Physalis angulata L. P. ciliata Sieb. & Zucc; P. prominent winglike ribs; fruit globose, about 1 cm. across, 



minima sensu auct. Japon., non L.- Sennari-hozuki. loosely enclosed by the persistent, membranous, 10-ribbed 



Slighdy pubescent annual; stems 30-40 cm. long, the branches calyx. Aug.-Oct. Woods; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and 



obliquely spreading; leaves broadly ovate, 3-7 cm. long, 2-5 westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



cm. wide, short-acute, rounded at base, nearly entire or with 



4. PHYSALIASTRUM Makino Iga-hozuki Zoku 



Perennial branched herbs; leaves ovate, often oblique at base, petiolate; flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled, small, pendulous; 

 calyx short-campanulate, globose or ellipsoidal, 5-lobed, accrescent, tighdy enclosing the fruit; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, the 

 lobes short, induplicate in bud, with a gland on the inside toward the base; style slender, the stigma bilobed; ovules many; berry 



pendulous, slightly fleshy, globose or ellipsoidal, enclosed by the accrescent calyx; seeds flat, rugose, depressed-punctate. Few 



species, in Japan and China. 



lA. Leaves ovate to broadly so, obtuse or acute, with a long winged petiole; calyx long-pubescent at anthesis, the hairs becoming soft- 

 spiny in fruit; corolla about 10 mm. long and as wide; fruit globose, as long as the calyx; filaments glabrous 1. P. japoniciim 



IB. Leaves oblong or ovate-elliptic, acuminate, with a short petiole; calyx short-pubescent at anthesis, rarely with short spinelike hairs; 

 corolla 1.5-2 cm. long and as wide; fruit ellipsoidal, rarely globose, shorter than the calyx; filaments hairy 2. P. savatieri 



1. Physaliastrum japonicum (Fr. & Sav.) Honda. 2 or 3, rarely solitary in the axils, pendulous, small, pale yel- 



Chamaesaracha japonica Fr. & Sav., pro parte; C. echinata lowish, the pedicels 2-3 cm. long, sometimes long pubescent, 



Yatabe; P. echinatum (Yatabe) Makino; P. japonicum (Fr. thickened at apex; calyx long-pubescent in flower, the teeth 



& Sav.) Kitam. Ica-hozuki. Perennial herb with short depressed-deltoid, undulate, the hairs becoming soft spiny in 



rhizomes; stems branched, 50-70 cm. long, often with scattered fruit; corolla puberulent externally; filaments glabrous; fruit 



long-spreading hairs; leaves membranous, ovate to broadly so, globose, 8-10 mm. across, enclosed in the persistent calyx, 



4-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, obtuse to acute, abruptly narrowed white at maturity. July-Oct. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



at base to a rather long winged petiole, entire, ciliate; flowers Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and China. 



