790 



SOLANACEAE : ScROPHULARIACEAE 



across, 5-cleft, the teeth narrowly ovate-deltoid; anthers 3-A 

 mm. long, narrowed at tip, the locules opening by an oblique 



apical pore; berries globose, red. May-Oct. Warm regions; 



Honshu (s. centr. distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, China, India to Malaysia, and Hawaii. 



2. Solanum nigrum L. Inu-hozuki. Nearly glabrous 

 or scattered short-pubescent erect annual; stems 30-60 cm. 

 long, angled, branched; leaves rather thick, broadly ovate, 6- 

 10 cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, acute or obtuse, rounded to broadly 

 cuneate at base, entire or undulate-toothed, deep green, the 

 petioles short, winged in upper part; cymes umbellate, supra- 

 axillary, the axis 3-8 mm. long, the peduncles 1-3 cm. long, 

 the pedicels 7-12 mm. long; flowers 6-7 mm. across, white; 

 calyx-teeth depressed-deltoid or ovate-rounded; anthers nar- 

 rowly oblong; berries globose, black, 6-7 mm. across. Aug.- 



Oct. Waste grounds and roadsides; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; common. Cosmopolitan. 



3. Solanum photeinocarpum Nakamura & Odashima. 



S. nigrum var. pauciflorum Liou Terimi-no-inu-h6zuki. 



Closely resembles the preceding; leaves thinner, acuminate, 

 vivid green; inflorescence umbellate, without an axis; flowers 



fewer, smaller; corolla and fruit narrower; seeds smaller. 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, and s. 



China. 



4. Solanum megacarpum Koidz. S. dulcamara var. 

 m.acrocarpum Maxim.; S. macrocarpum (Maxim.) Kudo; S. 

 nipponense var. macrocarpum (Maxim.) Makino & Nemoto 



O-MARUBA-No-HORosHi, Maruba-no-horoshi. Somewhat 



scandent, nearly glabrous perennial; leaves thinly membranous, 

 ovate to narrowly so, 5-8 cm. long, 2.5-4.5 cm. wide, acute, 

 rounded to shallowly cordate at base, entire, short-ciliolate, 

 petiolate; cymes supra-axillary, loosely rather many-flowered, 

 the peduncles 2-4 cm. long, the pedicels slender; calyx-teeth 

 depressed; corolla pale purple, 1-1.2 cm. long, 5-cleft, the teeth 

 reflexed, lanceolate; anthers lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, opening 



by small pores; berries ellipsoidal, 12-15 mm. long, red. 



July-Sept. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). Sa- 

 khalin and s. Kuriles. 



5. Solanum japonense Nakai. S. dulcamara var. hetero- 

 phyllum Makino; S. heterophyllum (Makino) Nakai; S. nip- 

 ponense Makino; S. gracilescens Nakai, 1930, non Nakai ex 



Makino, 1926 Yama-horoshi, Hosoba-no-horoshi. Nearly 



glabrous scandent perennial herb with slender, elongate 

 branches; leaves thinly membranous, deltoid-lanceolate to 



narrowly deltoid-ovate, 4-8 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, gradu- 

 ally long-acuminate, rounded at base, entire or undulate- 

 toothed, sometimes incised to deeply 3- to 5-lobed and cordate, 

 often thinly pilose on margin and on nerves above; peduncles 

 1-3 cm. long, loosely few-flowered; corolla 6-7 mm. long, pale 

 purple, 5-cleft, the lobes lanceolate, reflexed; anthers narrowly 

 oblong, 2.5-3 mm. long, the locules obliquely truncate at apex; 



berries globose, red, 6-7 mm. across. July-Oct. Woods and 



thickets in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea, Manchuria, and China. Forma xanthocarpum 



(Makino) Hara. S. nipponense forma xanthocarpum Makino 



Kimi-no-yama-horoshi. Fruit yellow. 



Var. takaoyamense (Makino) Hara. S. ta\aoyamense Ma- 

 kino; S. nipponense var. takaoyamense (Makino) Makino 



Takao-horoshi. Leaves toothed; fruit ellipsoidal. Hon- 

 shu. 



6. Solanum maximowiczii Koidz. S. dulcamara var. 

 ovatum sensu auct. Japon., non Dunal; 5. gracilescens Nakai 

 ex Makino Maruba-no-horoshi. Nearly glabrous scan- 

 dent perennial herb widi elongate, slender branches; leaves 

 narrowly oblong or narrowly ovate, 5-10 cm. long, 1.5-4 cm. 

 wide, acute to acuminate, rounded to broadly cuneate at base, 

 entire, ciliolate, the petiole winged; cymes rather large, loosely 

 flowered, the peduncles 2-4 cm. long; corolla pale purple, 5-6 

 mm. across, 5-cleft, the lobes lanceolate, reflexed; anthers 2-2.5 

 mm. long, narrowly oblong, subtruncate at apex; berries glo- 

 bose, red, 7-10 mm. across. Aug.-Oct. Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



7. Solanum lyratum Thunb. S. dulcamara var. pubes- 

 cens Bl.; S. dulcamara var. lyratum (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. 



HiYODORi-joGO. Scandent, densely glandular-pubescent 



perennial herb; leaves ovate, 3-8 cm. long, 2-A cm. wide, 

 acuminate or acute, sometimes obtuse, cordate at base, usually 

 with I or 2 pairs of lobes near base, rarely entire; cymes loosely 

 flowered, the peduncles 1-4 cm. long; calyx-teeth depressed- 

 deltoid to broadly ovate; corolla white, 7-8 mm. long, 5-cleft, 

 the lobes lanceolate, reflexed; anthers narrowly oblong, about 

 3 mm. long, nearly truncate at apex; fruit red, about 8 mm. 



across. Aug.-Oct. Thickets in hills and low mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea, China, Ryu- 

 kyus, Formosa, and Indochina. Forma xanthocarpum 



(Makino) Hara. 5. lyratum var. xanthocarpum Makino 



KiMi-No-HrroDORi-joGO. Fruit yellow. Rare. 



Fam. 177. SCROPHULARIACEAE Goma-no-ha-gusa Ka Figwort Family 



Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees; leaves alternate or opposite, sometimes verticillate; stipules absent; flowers bisexual, usually 

 zygomorphic; calyx-lobes imbricate or valvate in bud; corolla gamopetalous, the limb 4- to 5(-8)-lobed, usually more or less 

 bilabiate, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens usually 4, didymous, or 2, inserted on the tube and alternate with the lobes, 

 the 5th one absent or present as a staminode, rarely fertile; ovary superior, sessile, entire, usually completely 2-locular; style 



terminal; ovules many, on axile placentae; fruit a capsule; seeds many, with fleshy endosperm. About 180 genera, with 



about 3,000 species, essentially cosmopoUtan, especially abundant in temperate regions. 



lA. Upper lip of corolla (the inner lobes) covering the others in bud. 



2A. Corolla spurred; capsules opening by pores; inflorescence a raceme or spike or the flowers solitary in axils 1. Linaria 



2B. Corolla not spurred; capsules commonly dehiscent by valves. 

 3A. Inflorescence compound. 



4A. Tree; leaves 20-40 cm. wide 2. Patilownia 



4B. Herbs or subshrubs; leaves smaller. 



5A. Staminodes absent or scalelike; calyx 5-lobed 3. Srrophularia 



5B. Staminodes filiform or spathulate; calyx 5-cleft 4. Pentstemon 



3B. Inflorescence simple. 



6A. Anterior pair of stamens inserted on the corolla-tube, sometimes absent. 



