SCROPHULARIACEAE 791 



7A. Fertile stamens 4. 



8A. Corolla nearly actinomorphic, rotate; anthcr-locules confluent; acaulcscent 5. Limosella 



8B. Corolla bilabiate, with a distinct tube; caulescent. 

 9A. Flowers solitary in axils. 



lOA. Calyx tubular, prominently ridged or winged, the teeth very short 6. Mimulus 



lOB. Calyx-tube not winged or prominently ribbed, the lobes lanceolate to ovate or linear 7. Limnophila 



9B. Flowers in short racemes; calyx-tube short but distinct 8. Mazus 



7B. Fertile stamens 2. 



1 1 A. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, 5-angled; corolla nearly rotate 9. Microcarpaea 



1 IB. Calyx 5-cleft to -parted; corolla bilabiate, with a distinct tube. 

 12A. Leaves chiefly cauline, uniformly flat or linear. 



13A. Calyx subtended by two bracteoles, the teeth imbricate in bud; anthers glabrous 10. Graliola 



13B. Calyx not bractcolate, the teeth valvate in bud; anthers pilose 11. Deinostema 



12B. Leaves of two forms, the radical subelongate, the cauline scalelike 12. Dopatriiim 



6B. Anterior pair of stamens inserted on the corolla-throat. 



14A. Leaves palmately veined, entire or obscurely toothed; anther-locules emarginate at base; seeds smooth 13. Lindernia 



14B. Leaves pinnatcly veined, toothed; anther-locules not emarginate at base; seeds with several rows of small pits. 



15A. Flowers small, usually 4—10 mm. long; calyx wingless; capsules usually longer than the calyx 14. Vandellia 



153. Flowers larger, 1.5-3 cm. long; calyx broadly 5-winged; capsules not exceeding the calyx 15. Torenia 



IB. Outer (anterior) or lateral lobes of corolla enveloping the others in bud. 

 16A. Corolla not bilabiate, the lobes flat. 

 I7.A. Stamens 4 or 5. 



18A. Stems long-creeping below ground; leaves radical, alternate, long-petiolate, pinnately cleft; flowers radical; pedicels spirally 



coiled after anthesis 16. EUisiophyllum 



18B. Stems erect; leaves cauline, opposite, or alternate in the upper portion, sessile, entire or toothed; flowers cauline, nearly ses- 

 sile, the upper ones forming a terminal spike 17. Centranthera 



17B. Stamens 2. 



19A. Stems leafy; stamens inserted on corolla-tube, long-exserted; fruit a dehiscent capsule. 



20A. Corolla with lobes longer than the tube; capsules obtuse to retuse at apex; leaves opposite 18. Veronica 



20B. Corolla with lobes much shorter than the tube; capsules acute at apex; leaves alternate or verticillate 19. V eronicastrum 



19B. Stems scapelike, with few pairs of small leaves; stamens inserted on the corolla-throat, not exserted; fruit consisting of 2 



nudets 20. Lagotis 



16B. Corolla clearly bilabiate, with a galeate or erect upper lip and spreading lower lip. 

 21 A. Calyx 2-bracteolate. 



22A Stems with many imbricate scalelike leaves on lower part; capsules dehiscent only on one side; calyx 4-lobed. . . 21. Monochasma 



22B. Stems without scalelike leaves; capsules dehiscent into 2 valves; calyx 5-lobed 22. Siphonostcgia 



2 IB. Calyx without bracteoles. 



23A. Ovules 2 in each locule; capsules 1- to 4-seedcd 23. Melampyriim 



23B. Ovules several to many in each locule; capsules several to many-seeded. 

 24A. Annuals or biennials; upper lip of corolla recurved on margin. 



25A. Leaves toothed or lobed; flowers white or yellowish; capsules symmetrical; seeds longitudinally striate. ... 24. Euphrasia 

 25B. Leaves pinnately dissected; flowers usually reddish; capsules somewhat asymmetrical; seeds reticulate. 



25. Phtheirospermum 



24B. Perennials or rarely biennials; upper lip of corolla not recurved; leaves usually pinnately lobed to dissected; flowers white, 



yellowish, or reddish; capsules oblique, usually dehiscent on one side 26. Pcdicularis 



1. LINARIA Mill. Un-ran Zoku 



Herbs, rarely subshrubs; lower leaves usually opposite or verticillate in 3's or 4's, the upper or sometimes all leaves alternate, 

 entire, toothed, or lobed; flowers solitary in axils or the upper sometimes forming a spike or raceme, white, yellow, or rose- 

 purple, the pedicels without bracteoles; calyx 5-cle£t, the lobes imbricate in bud; corolla-tube spurred, the upper lip erect, bifid, 

 the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, with protuberances or teeth closing the throat; stamens didymous, the anther-locules parallel, 



not connate; capsules ovoid-globose, usually opening by pores near the top; seeds sometimes winged. About 100 species, 



in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere, chiefly in the Old World. 



1. Linaria japonica Miq. L. gemini flora F. Schmidt; obtuse to subacute, sessile, obscurely 3-nerved; racemes short, 



L. japonica var. geminiflora (F. Schmidt) Nakai Un-ran. the pedicels short; flowers pale yellow, 15-18 mm. long, the 



Glaucous, glabrous perennial; stems terete, erect, more or less spur 5-10 mm. long; capsules 6-8 mm. long; seeds winged, 



branched, 15-40 cm. long, from an ascending base; leaves op- about 3 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Sandy places along sea- 



posite or verticillate in 3's or 4's, alternate in the upper ones, shores; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku; common. Kuriles, 



elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, Sakhalin, Korea, Ussuri, and Manchuria. 



2. PAULOWNIA Sieb. & Zucc. Kiri Zoku 



Trees; leaves opposite, large, petiolate, broadly ovate or angled-cordate, 20-40 cm. wide, soft-pubescent; panicles terminal, 

 many-flowered, with opposite branches; flowers purplish, large; calyx 5-parted, the segments obtuse; corolla-tube elongate, inflated 

 in upper part, the lobes 5, obliquely spreading, rounded, nearly equal; stamens 4, didymous, not exserted, the anthcr-locules di- 

 vergent, not connate; staminodia absent; ovules many; capsules coriaceous, rather large, broadly ovoid, acuminate; seeds small, 

 numerous, with membranous wings. Few species, in warmer regions of e. Asia, one long cultivated in our area. 



