794 



SCROPHULAMACEAE 



7. LIMNOPHILA R. Br. Shiso-kusa Zoku 



Glabrous or pubescent soft mostly marsh herbs; aerial leaves opposite or verticillate, dentate or incised, the aquatic leaves 

 sometimes dissected into filiform segments; flowers solitary in axils, pedicelled, the upper ones often forming a terminal raceme; 

 bracteoles small, linear, inserted at the base of calyx; calyx 5-cleft or -lobed, the lobes lanceolate to ovate, or linear, imbricate 

 in bud, equal or the posterior ones larger; corolla vifith the upper lip entire or 2-lobed, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; stamens 

 4, didymous; stigmas 2, lamellate; capsules broadly ovoid to oblong, usually obtuse, 4-valved, locuUcidal or septicidal; seeds many, 

 small, reticulate. ^About 30 species, in Asia, Africa, and Australia. 



lA. Leaves verticillate in 5's to 8's, pinnately dissected or parted; flowers rose-purple, rarely white, sessile or the pedicels shorter than the 

 calyx. 

 2A. Stems and lower portion of calyx pubescent; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, distinctly longer than the capsule; pedicels absent or 



nearly so 1. L. sessiliflora 



2B. Stems, calyx, and pedicels glabrous; calyx lobes narrowly deltoid, as long as to slighdy shorter than the capsule, shorter than the 



calyx-tube; pedicels as long as or shorter than the calyx 2. L. indica 



IB. Leaves opposite, narrowly oblong, obtusely toothed; flowers white, the pedicels longer than to as long as the calyx 3. Z.. aromatica 



shorter than or as long as the calyx; calyx greenish, 3-3.5 

 mm. long, membranous, as long as the capsules, glabrous, 

 5-lobed, the lobes deltoid, acute or with an obtuse tip; cap- 

 sules about 3 mm. across, broadly ellipsoidal; seeds broadly 

 ellipsoidal, about 0.3 mm. long, dark brown. Sept. Hon- 

 shu; rare. ^Manchuria, Korea, Formosa, China, India, Ma- 

 laysia, and Australia. 



3. Limnophila aromatica (Lam.) Merr. Ambulia aro- 

 matica Lam.; Gratiola aromatica Pers.; L. punctata BL; L. 



gratissima BL; A. gratissima (Bl.) Nakai Shiso-kusa. 



Nearly glabrous annual; stems terete, short-decumbent and 

 branched at base; leaves rarely verticillate in 3's, narrowly ob- 

 long to lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate, 1.5-3 cm. long, 3-7 

 (-10) mm. wide, acute to obtuse at both ends, obtusely short- 

 toothed, glabrous, glandular-dotted beneath, sessile; pedicels 

 7-15 mm. long; bracteoles short-linear, much shorter than the 

 calyx; calyx 5-7 mm. long, 5-cleft, the lobes narrowly lanceo- 

 late; corolla about 10 mm. long, creamy white; capsules 

 broadly ovoid, slightly shorter than the calyx; seeds reniform, 



with 2 ridges on the back, about 0.3 mm. long. Sept.-Oct. 



Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



s. Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, Malaysia, and 



Australia. 



1. Limnophila sessiliflora Bl. Hottonia sessiliflora 

 Vahl; Ambulia sessiliflora (Vabl) Baill. ^Kku-mo. Peren- 

 nial, terrestrial or sometimes aquatic; aerial stems terete, red- 

 dish, pubescent, the basal stems creeping and branched, 10-30 

 cm. long or much longer in the aquatic phase; aerial leaves 

 verticillate in 5's to 8's, spreading, the pinnatifid segments 

 linear or narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, 

 acute, glabrate; aquatic leaves 2 or 3 times pinnately dissected 

 into filiform segments; flowers solitary in axils, sessile or nearly 

 so; calyx 5-7 mm. long, 5-cleft, loosely pubescent at base, the 

 lobes lanceolate; corolla rose-purple, 6-10 mm. long, tubular; 

 capsules ovoid-globose, about 4 mm. long; seeds oblong, terete, 



about 0.6 mm. long. ^Paddy fields, shallow ponds, and 



ditches in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 

 Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China to India. 



2. Limnophila indica (L.) Druce. Hottonia indica L.; 

 Gratiola triflda Willd.; L. gratioloides R. Br.; Ambulia tricho- 

 phylla Komar.; A. indica (L.) W. F. Wight; A. stipitata 



Hayata; L. stipitata (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto Ko-kiku- 



Mo, TArwAN-KiKU-Mo. Rcscmbles the preceding; stems gla- 

 brous; leaves sessile, verticillate in 5's or 6's, glabrous, pinnately 

 lobed in the upper half, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, gradu- 

 ally narrowed at base; aquatic leaves finely dissected into lin- 

 ear segments; flowers solitary in axils, the pedicels glabrous. 



8. MAZUS Lour. Sagigoke Zoku 



Small perennial often stoloniferous herbs; lower leaves and those of stolons opposite, the upper leaves alternate, toothed; 

 racemes terminal, the bracts small, the bracteoles absent or on the pedicel; flowers pale purple or white; calyx broadly campanu- 

 late, short-mbular, 5-cleft; corolla-tube shorter or slighdy exserted from the calyx, the upper lip erect, 2-lobed, the lower lip 

 3-lobed, spreading or ascending, with 2 elevated papillose lines on the throat; stamens 4, didymous; stigma bifid with lamellate 

 lobes; capsules globose, loculicidal; seeds many, small, ovoid. About 10 species, in e. Asia, India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



lA. Stolons much-elongate; flowers pale purple, rarely white, 1.5-2 cm. long \. M. miquelii 



IB. Stolons absent. 



2A. Flowers 1 .3-2 cm. long; leaves mostly basal 2. M. jauriei 



2B. Flowers 1—1.2 cm. long; leaves also cauline 3. M. japonicus 



1. Mazus miquelii Makino. Lindernia japonica Thunb. toothed, the petioles winged in upper part; leaves of stolons 



^to ^&'[X.e.;M. rugosus\ 3,r. (?) stolonijerusM2ixm\.;M.rugosus short-petiolate, sometimes ovate-orbicular, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; 



var. macranthus Fr. & Sav.; M. rugosus var. rotundifolius Fr. racemes loosely few-flowered, puberulent, the pedicels longer 



& Sav.; M. rotundifolius (Fr. & Sav.) Koidz.; M. rotundus than the calyx; calyx 7-10 mm. long, 5-Iobed; corolla slighdy 



Furumi; M. stolonijerus (Maxim.) Makino; M. englerianus flattened dorsiventrally, the lobes of the bilobed upper lip nar- 



Bonati MuRASAKi-SAGiGOKE. Thinly pubescent stolonifer- rowly oblong, the lower lip inside with 2 raised lines of yellow- 



ous perennial; stems 7-15 cm. long, few-leaved at base; leaves brown clavate tubercles; capsules subglobose, about 4 mm. 



obovate, elliptic, or broadly ovate, 4-7 cm. long inclusive of long. Apr.-May. Wet places, especially abundant around 



the petiole, 1-1.5 cm. wide, very obtuse, undulately obtuse- paddy fields in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



