1% 



SCROPHULARIACEAE 



1. D. adenocaulum 

 . . . 2. D. violaceum 



dilated, bilabiate; 2 posterior stamens perfect, included, the filaments short, adnate on the corolla-tube; anther locules short- 

 pilose, the 2 anterior anthers reduced to staminodes; ovary glabrous, ovate-globose; capsules ovate-orbicular, shorter than the calyx; 

 seeds many, oblong. Two species in e. Asia. 



lA. Leaves ovate or elliptic 



2A. Leaves broadly linear to linear-lanceolate 



1, Deinostema adenocaulum (Maxim.) Yamazaki. 

 Gratiola adenocaula Maxim.; G. violacea var. adenocaula 



(Maxim.) Makino Maruba-no-sawa-t6garashi. Annual, 



thinly pilose with spreading glandular hairs on upper portion; 

 stems erect, more or less branched at base; leaves ovate or 

 elliptic, 5-8 mm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, acute to subobtuse, 

 rounded and weakly few-nerved from the base, entire, sessile; 

 pedicels slender, 1-2 cm. long in chasmogamic flowers, sessile 

 or less than 10 mm. long in the cleistogamic; calyx 3-4 mm. 

 long, 5-parted nearly to the base, the segments linear-lanceo- 

 late; corolla pale purple, about twice as long as the calyx; 

 capsules ellipsoidal, 1.5-3 mm. long, shorter than the calyx; 

 seeds oblong-lanceolate, about 0.5 mm. long, finely reticulate. 



July-Sept. Wet places and paddy fields; Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu. Korea (Quelpaert IsL). 



2. Deinostema violaceum (Maxim.) Yamazaki. Gra- 

 tiola violacea Maxim.; G. axillaris Nakai; G. saginoides var. 



violacea (Maxim.) Matsum. Sawa-togarashi. Glabrous, or 



thinly glandular-pilose on pedicels; stems erect, often branched 

 at base, terete, 3-10 cm. long, sometimes decumbent at base; 

 leaves spreading, linear-lanceolate or broadly linear, 7-10 mm. 

 long, about 2 mm. wide, long-acuminate, entire; pedicels 1-1.5 

 cm. long or absent in cleistogamic flowers; calyx 4-6 mm. long, 

 5-parted nearly to the base, the segments linear-lanceolate; co- 

 rolla purple, bilabiate, about \Vi times as long as the calyx, 

 the limb nearly as long as the tube; cleistogamic flowers often 

 fasciculate in axils; capsules oblong, about 3 mm. long; seeds 



narrowly ovoid-oblong, about 0.5 mm. long, reticulate. 



Aug.-Oct. Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea, 



Manchuria, and Ryukyus. 



12. DOPATRIUM Hamilt. ex Benth. Abu-no-me Zoku 



Glabrous herbs; leaves opposite, small, approximate toward the base of stems, the cauline leaves scalelike, loosely arranged; 

 bracteoles absent; flowers purplish, solitary in upper axils; calyx small, deeply 5-fid, the segments imbricate in bud; corolla-tube 

 narrow, broadened at the throat, the upper lip short, 2-lobed, the lower lip larger, spreading, 3-lobed; stamens 2, the anther- 

 locules parallel, not confluent, the staminodia inserted on the tube; capsules globose or ovoid, scarcely grooved, loculicidal, the 

 valves entire or 2-fid; seeds small. Few species, in the Tropics of Africa, Asia, and Australia. 



1. Dopatrium junceum (Roxb.) Hamilt. Gratiola jun- 



cea Roxb. Abu-no-me. Glabrous, fleshy annual; stems 



erect, 10-30 cm. long, usually tufted, branched at base; basal 

 leaves fleshy, rosulate, lanceolate or linear-oblong, 1.5-2.5 cm. 

 long, 3-5 mm. wide, obtuse, with few obscure parallel nerves, 

 sessile, the cauline leaves gradually smaller, narrowly oblong, 

 1-3 mm. long, erect or appressed, very obtuse; pedicels axillary 



in the upper nodes, solitary, 0-1 cm. long; calyx about 1.5 mm. 

 long, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes obtuse; corolla purple, 5-6 mm. 

 long; capsules globose, much longer than the calyx, 2.5-3 mm. 



long; seeds ovoid, reticulate, about 0.2 mm. in diameter. 



Aug.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and India. 



13. LINDERNIA All. 



Azena Zoku 



Herbs; leaves opposite, usually entire, palmately veined; flowers small, solitary in axils, without bracteoles, sessile or pedi- 

 celled, sometimes forming a terminal elongate or umbellate raceme; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-parted or -toothed; corolla 

 tubular or ampliate above, the upper lip erect, 2-lobed or retuse, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed; stamens 4 or 2, the upper 2 

 fertile, the lower fertile or reduced to staminodia; capsules linear to globose, often longer than the calyx, sepdcidally dehiscent. 

 ^Many species, in warmer and temperate regions of the world. 



lA. Leaves entire; style 1-1.5 mm. long; seeds smooth 1. L. pyxidaria 



IB. Leaves toothed; style 2,5—3.5 mm. long; seeds weakly lineolate 2. L. dubia 



1. Lindernia pyxidaria L. Vandellia pyxidaria (L.) 

 Maxim. Azena. Glabrous annual; stems branched be- 

 low, erect or ascending, 7-15 cm. long; leaves oblong to nar- 

 rowly so, 1.5-3 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, obtuse at both ends, 

 entire, with 5 (-3) parallel nerves, slightly lustrous above, ses- 

 sile; flowers solitary in axils, the pedicels 2-2.5 cm. long, 

 mostly longer or as long as the leaves; calyx 3-4 mm. long, 

 the segments slightly shorter than the capsule; corolla rose- 

 purple, about 6 mm. long; capsules ellipsoidal, 3.5-4.5 mm. 



long; style 1-1.5 mm. long; seeds smooth. Aug.-Oct. Wet 



places in the lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyu- 

 shu. Korea, China, Formosa, and the warmer regions of 



Eurasia. 

 2. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell. Gratiola dubia L.; 



Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart Amerika-azena. Leaves 



toothed, as long as to longer than the pedicels; capsules oblong; 



style 2.5-3.5 mm. long; seeds weakly lineolate. Naturalized 



in Honshu (Kinki Distr.). ^N. America. 



14. VANDELLIA L. 



Aze-t6garashi Zoku 



Small annual or short-lived perennial herbs; leaves opposite, often toothed, pinnately veined; flowers small, solitary in axils, 

 sessile or pedicelled, rarely in terminal racemes, ebracteolate; calyx 5-parted to -toothed; corolla-tube tubulose or slighdy ampliate 



