SCROPHULARIACEAE 



797 



above, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4, all perfect, or the 2 anterior reduced, the posterior fixed to the throat of corolla, anthcr- 

 locules divaricate; capsules linear to ellipsoidal, usually longer than the calyx, septicidally dehiscent; seeds with several rows of 

 small pits. Many species, in warmer areas of the world. 



lA. Capsules broadly linear, 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx. 

 2A. Fertile stamens 2; leaves of upper portion of racemes abrupdy smaller, bracdike; margin of calyx-segments narrowly scarious; 



corolla rose-purple i. V. anagallis var. verbenaejolia 



2B. Fertile stamens 4; leaves of upper portion of racemes well developed; calyx-segments not scarious; corolla creamy-white. 



2. V. angtistijoUa 

 1 B. Capsules ellipsoidal or globose, scarcely longer than the calyx. 



3A. Calyx shallowly 5-lobed, the lobes narrowly deltoid; corolla purple; capsules oblong 3. V. Crustacea 



3B. Calyx 5-lobcd nearly to the base, the lobes linear; corolla white; capsules narrowly fusiform-ovoid 4. V. setulosa 



1. Vandellia anagallis (Burm.) Yamazaki var. ver- 

 benaefolia (Colsm.) Yamazaki. Lindcrnia verbenaejolia 

 (Colsm.) Pennell; Gratiola verbenaejolia Colsm.; Ruellia ser- 

 rata Thunb.; V. pachypoda Fr. & Sav.; Bonnaya vcronicaejolia 

 var. verbenaejolia (Colsm.) Hook, f.; L. pachypoda (Fr. & 

 Sav.) Matsum.; L. anagallis var. verbenaejolia (Colsm.) Hara; 

 Ilysanthes serrata (Thunb.) Makino— — Suzume-no-t6garashi. 

 Glabrous annual; stems branched at base, 8-20 cm. long; leaves 

 oblanceolate to broadly so, 2-4 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, ob- 

 tuse or subacute, gradually narrowed to the base, sessile, ob- 

 tusely toothed; racemes loose, terminal, leafy at base, abrupdy 

 linear-bracteate in upper part, the pedicels thick and spread- 

 ing, nearly as long as the capsules; calyx 5-6 mm. long, the 

 segments hnear, scarious on margin; corolla rose-purple, about 

 1 cm. long; ferule stamens 2, the anthers without appendages; 



capsules linear, 2-2.5 times as long as the cal>'x. Aug.-Oct. 



Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryu- 



kyus, Formosa, India and Malaysia. 



2. Vandellia angustifolia Benth. Lindernia angusti- 

 jolia (Benth.) Wettst.; V. cymulosa Miq.; L. cymulosa (Miq.) 



Matsum. Aze-togarashi. Glabrous annual; stems branched 



at base, 8-20 cm. long; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 

 sometimes narrowly lanceolate, l-3(-4) cm. long, 3-5(-8) 

 nun. wide, acute or subobtuse, narrowed at base, obsoletely 

 short-toothed, obsoletely penninerved; flowers solitary in upper 

 axils, the pedicels spreading, nearly as long as the capsules; 

 calyx 4-5 mm. long, the segments linear; corolla creamy white, 

 about 1 cm. long; lower anther-locule of the fertile stamens 

 short spine-tipped; capsules linear, 3 or 4 times as long as the 

 calyx. Aug.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. Korea, China, India, and Malaysia. 



3. VandeUia Crustacea (L.) Benth. Lindernia Crusta- 

 cea (L.) F. Muell.; Capraria Crustacea L.; Torenia Crustacea 



(L.) Cham. & Schltdl. Uri-kusa. Thinly puberuient 



annual; stems 7-15 cm. long, ascending from a branched base; 

 leaves ovate or narrowly deltoid-ovate, sometimes oblong, 1-2 

 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, subobtuse to obtuse, rounded at 

 base, obtusely few-toothed, short-peUolate; flowers solitary in 

 axils, the uppermost flowers forming a terminal cyme, the 

 pedicels slender, ascending, 1-2.5 cm. long; calyx 4-5 mm. 

 long, with 5 narrowly deltoid-acute shallow lobes; corolla pur- 

 ple, about 1 cm. long; capsules oblong, slightly shorter than 



the calyx; seeds elliptic, obsoletely impressed-punctate. 



Aug.-Oct. Wet cultivated fields and riverbanks in lowlands; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; cormnon. s. Korea, 



Ryukyus, Formosa, China, India, and Malaysia. 



4. Vandellia setulosa (Maxim.) Yamazaki. Torenia 



setulosa Maxim.; Lindernia setulosa (Maxim.) Tuyama 



Shisoba-uri-kusa. Thinly pilosulous annual; stems ascend- 

 ing, branched, 10-20 cm. long, glabrous or thinly coarse-hairy 

 on upper portion; leaves broadly ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 8-12 

 mm. wide, obtuse, rounded and short-petiolate at base, obtusely 

 toothed, thinly pilosulous especially on upperside; pedicels 1- 

 1.5 cm. long, longer than the leaves; calyx 5-7 mm. long, the 

 segments linear, cleft nearly to the base, incurved and ap- 

 pressed to the fruit, sparsely coarse-pilosulous; corolla white, 

 7-8 mm. long; capsules narrowly fusiform-ovoid, acute, 4-5 



mm. in diameter; seeds minute, slightly angled. Aug.-Oct. 



Honshu (Kii and Ise Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus 



(Shichito). 



15. TORENIA L. Tsuru-uri-kusa Zoku 



Glabrous or pilose herbs; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; racemes short or elongate, few-flowered, the pedicels not bracteolate; 

 calyx tubular, usually with 5 winglike ribs, 3- to 5-toothed or bilabiate; corolla tubular, sometimes amphate in upper part, the 

 upper lip erect, retuse or 2-lobed, the lower lip larger, 3-lobed; stamens 4, toothed or with a filiform appendage at base, the lower 



pair inserted on the throat; capsules oblong, enclosed in the calyx, sepdcidal; seeds many, rugose, impressed-areolate. About 



30 species, in the Tropics and warmer regions of Asia and Africa. 



1. Torenia glabra Osb. T. kjusiana Ohwi Kobana- 



TstJRU-URi-KUSA. Short-pubcscent perennial; stems decum- 

 bent, 15-20 cm. long, branched, slender; leaves ovate to deltoid- 

 ovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, acute, rounded to 

 truncate at base, appressed-toothed, the pedoles 5-10 mm. long; 



flowers solitary in axils, pediceiled; calyx 13-17 mm. long, 

 5-toothed, 5-winged; corolla about 15 mm. long; capsules about 

 13 mm. long, short-cylindric. Kyushu (s. distr.). Ryu- 

 kyus (Amami-oshima), China. 



16. ELLISIOPHYLLUM Maxim. Kikugara-kusa Zoku 



Delicate perennial herb; rhizomes long-creeping, loosely leaved; leaves alternate, long-petiolate, pinnately parted, the segments 

 coarsely obtuse-dentate; pedicels axillary, radical, elongate, 1-flowcrcd, bracteolate, coiled after anthesis; flowers small, white; 

 calyx 5-cleft, the lobes 3-nerved; corolla infundibuliform, 5-lobed; stamens 4, inserted on the throat, equal, slightly exsertcd, the 



