SCROPHULARIACEAE 807 



25. PHTHEIROSPERMUM Bunge Koshiogama Zoku 



Glandular-pubescent annuals or biennials; leaves opposite, pinnately dissected; flowers solitary in upper axils, short-pedicelled, 

 ebracteolate, usually reddish; calyx campanulate, 5-Iobed, the upper lobe smaller; corolla-tube rather broad, ampliate, the limb 

 bilabiate, the upper lip erect, short, broadly 2-lobed, the lower lip elongate, spreading, 3-lobcd, with 2 raised points inside at base, 

 open on throat; stamens 4, didymous, inserted below the upper lip; style spathulate, shortly 2-fid; capsules flat, beaked, loculicidal, 

 somewhat asymmetrical; seeds many, ovoid, reticulate. Few species, in Japan, China, and the Himalayas. 



1. Phtheirospermum japonicum (Thunb.) Kanitz. toothed; corolla pale rose-purple, about 2 cm. long; capsules 



Gerardia japonica Thunb.; P. chinense Bunge Ko-shio- narrowly ovate, 8-12 mm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, oblique, much 



GAMA. Glandular-hairy annual herb; stems simple or usu- longer than and exserted from the calyx, glandular-pubescent; 



ally branched, erect, 30-60 cm. long; leaves deltoid-ovate, 3-5 seeds many, elliptic, about 1 mm. long, with winglike longi- 



cm. long, 2-3.5 cm. wide, acute, pinnately divided, serrulate, tudinal and horizontal markings. Sept.-Oct. Meadows 



petiolate, the lateral segments usually obtuse, the upper leaves and thickets in lowlands and low mountains; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 gradually smaller; calyx obliquely 5-lobed, 5-7 mm. long, shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa, China, Korea, and Man- 

 slightly accrescent after anthesis, the lobes green, oblong, churia. 



26. PEDICULARIS L. Shiogama Zoku 



Perennials or rarely biennials; leaves opposite, alternate, or verticillate, toothed or pinnatilobed, sometimes pinnately com- 

 pound; floral bracts small, sessile; inflorescence spicate; flowers solitary in the bracts, white, yellowish, or reddish; calyx tubular 

 or campanulate, often split in front or back, 2- to 5-toothed; corolla-tubular, ampliate, the limb bilabiate, the lower lip spreading, 

 3-lobed or undivided, the upper lip or helmet erect, galeate, entire or with a tooth on each side, or beaked at apex; stamens 4, 

 didymus, inserted inside the upper lip; capsules flat, ovate or lanceolate, oblique, usually beaked, loculicidal; seeds many, often 



reticulate or longitudinally striate. About 500 species, in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere and S. America, especially 



abundant in sw. China, centr. Asia, and die Himalayas. 



lA. Helmet (upper lip of corolla) developed as an incurved beak. 

 2A. Leaves alternate or opposite; cal>'X deeply split in front, oblique, subentlre or with 2 or 3 minute teeth on back at apex; lower lip of 

 corolla only barely lobed, longer than the helmet. 



3A. Leaves opposite, pinnately divided; capsules deltoid-lanceolate, 3 to 4 times as long as the calyx I. P. k,eisk.ei 



3B. l/:aves alternate, rarely opposite, pinnately incised or doubly toodied; capsules narrowly deltoid-ovate or narrowly ovate, 1.5-2 

 times as long as the calyx. 



4.^. Flowers pale yellow; helmet abruptly long and slenderly beaked 2. P. yezoensis 



4B. Flowers rose-purple, rarely white; helmet gradually somewhat short and stoutly beaked 3. P. rcsiipinata 



2B. Leaves verticillate in 4's (3's to 6's); calyx not split on one side, toothed at apex; lower lip of corolla with 3 nearly equal lobes, 



shorter than to as long as the helmet; corolla rose-purple 4. P. chamissonis var. japonica 



IB. Helmet obtuse or rounded, entire or with a minute tooth on each side at apex, not forming a beak. 

 5A. Leaves verticillate in 4's (3's to 6's); flowers rose-purple, rarely white. 

 6.\. Helmet 6—7 mm. long, about Yz as long as the corolla-tube. 



7.\. Stems 5-15 cm. long; spikes densely flowered, 2-3(-5) cm. long; flowers about 15 mm. long; capsules nearly horizontally 



spreading 5. P. verticillata 



7B. Stems 20-40 cm. long; spikes rather loosely flowered, 10-20 cm. long; flowers about 20 mm. long; capsules sometimes slightly 



deflcxed 6. P. rejracta 



6B. Helmet about 2.5 mm. long, about I'^-Yz as long as the corolla-tube 7. P. spicata 



5B. Leaves opposite or alternate. 



8A. Cauline leaves alternate; stems 5-20 cm. long, rarely to 30 cm. long. 

 9A. Stems 5-15 cm. long, rarely to 20 cm. long. 

 lOA. Flowers rose-purple or deep red. 



1 1 A. Radical leaves bipinnately parted, the segments acute 8. P. apodochila 



1 IB. Radical leaves pinnately parted, the lobes toothed or shallowly incised, obtuse 9. P. k.oidzumiana 



lOB. Flowers yellowish, the helmet brown-yellow on upper part 10. P. oederi 



9B. Stems 20-30 cm. long; flowers many, yellow 1 1. P. venusta var. sc/imidlii 



83. Cauline leaves opposite; stems stout, usually 30-60 cm. long. 



12A. Stems unbranchcd; spikes terminal, solitary; flowers pale rose 12. P. nipponica 



12B. Stems branched above; spikes (1-) 3-5; flowers red-purple. 



13A. CaljTC 5-toothcd or split on one side, truncate; lower lip of corolla ascending 13. P. ghriosa 



13B. Calyx with 2 lateral lobes; lower lip of corolla spreading or slighdy recurved 14. P. ochiaiana 



1. Pedicularis keiskei Fr. & Sav. Seriba-shiogama. rachis; flowers sparse, the bracts small, simulating the me- 



Nearly glabrous slender perennial; stems slender, 30-50 cm. dian leaves; calyx membranous, about 4 mm. long, deeply split 



long, sometimes somewhat branched in upper part; radical in front, obtuse, with 2 or 3 minute teeth at apex on back side; 



leaves absent at anthesis, the median ones short-petioled, thinly corolla pale yellow, about 2 cm. long, the beak nearly as long 



membranous, narrowly ovate in outline, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4 cm. as the basal part, the lower lip ascending, minutely 3-lobulatc; 



wide, pinnately divided, the segments broadly lanceolate and capsules about 12 mm. long, 3 mm. across near base, gradu- 



toothed, acute, the upper leaf-segments adnate at base to the ally narrowed to tip, deltoid-lanceolate in outline, acuminate; 



