808 



SCROPHULARIACEAE 



seeds fusiform, smooth, longitudinally striate, subtruncate, 



with a short rounded point at one end. Aug.-Sept. Damp 



woods in high mountains; Honshu (southern half of centr. 

 distr.). 



2. Fedicularis yezoensis Maxim. P. resupinata var. 



glabricalyx Miq.; P. glabricalyx (Miq.) Koidz. Ezo-shio- 



GAMA. Glabrous or nearly glabrous perennial; stems 30-60 

 cm. long, nearly erect, in small tufts; cauline leaves alternate, 

 broadly deltoid-lanceolate or rarely narrowly ovate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute, truncate-rounded at base, pinnately 

 double-toothed, short-petiolate; floral bracts leaflike, ovate- 

 deltoid; flowers pale yellow; calyx 4-6 mm. long, glabrous or 

 puberulent, deeply split anteriorly, with 2 or 3 minute teeth at 

 apex; corolla about 2 cm. long, the beak slender, falcate, as 

 long as to slightly longer than basal part, the lower lip as- 

 cending, shortly 3-lobulate; capsules oblique, narrowly ovate, 

 about 1 cm. long, abruptly mucronate at apex; seeds fusiform, 

 about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse at both ends, smooth. Aug.- 

 Sept. High mountains and alpine regions; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu (centr. and n. distr.). Sakhalin. Forma pubescens 



(Hara) Ohwi. P. yezoensis var. pubescens Hara Bieodo- 



Ezo-SHioGAMA. Short-pubesccnt throughout, especially on 

 the calyx.- Hokkaido. Sakhalin. 



3. Fedicularis resupinata L. P. leveilleana Bonati; P. 



vaniotiana Bonati Shiogama-giku. Nearly glabrous to 



short-pubescent perennial; stems ascending at base, becoming 

 erect, 40-100 cm. long, purplish red, loosely leaved; leaves 

 alternate or sometimes subopposite, broadly lanceolate to 

 broadly deltoid-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong-ovate, 

 5-8 cm. long, 1.5-2.5(-3) cm. wide, acute, rounded to trun- 

 cate-rounded at base, penninerved, obtusely incised and ser- 

 rulate, short-petiolate; floral bracts leaf like, the upper ones 

 often ovate-rhombic; calyx 5-10 mm. long, deeply split in 

 front, rounded-truncate and obtusely 2- or 3-toothed at apex on 

 backside, soft-pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous; corolla 

 about 2 cm. long, red-purple, with a darker helmet, the helmet 

 gradually curved and short-beaked, the lower lip ascending; 

 capsules subovate, 8-12 mm. long, acute; seeds fusiform, about 

 2.5 mm. long, obscurely striate, smooth, obtuse at both ends. 



Aug.-Oct. Meadows in hills and mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. Kuriles, Sa- 

 khalin, Kamchatka, Korea, e. Siberia, and China. 



Var. caespitosa Koidz. Tomoe-shiogama. Flowers in 

 short densely congested spikes, paler in color, the helmet some- 

 what deeper colored. Alpine regions; Honshu (centr. 



distr.). 



Var. microphylla Honda. Mikawa-shiogama. Leaves 

 smaller, narrower, rather densely arranged on usually simple 



or sparsely branched stems; beak shorter. Wet boggy 



places; Honshu (Mikawa Prov.). 



4. Fedicularis chamissonis Stev. var. japonica (Miq.) 

 Maxim. P. japonica Miq.; P. fauriei Bonati; P. japonica var. 



maximowiczii Nakai, pro parte. ^Yotsuba-shiogama. 



Stems 20-60 cm. long, in small tufts, erect, with sparse lines 

 of short hairs or nearly glabrous; radical leaves withering be- 

 fore anthesis, the cauline ones in 4's (3's to 6's), narrowly 

 ovate or broadly deltoid-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. 

 wide, acute, pinnately divided, nearly glabrous, short-petiolate, 

 the segments 7 to 12 pairs, lanceolate, pinnately incised and 

 toothed; spikes usually solitary, loosely flowered, 5-25 cm. 

 long, die bracts linear, longer than the calyx, toothed or in- 

 cised, glabrous or pubescent; calyx 5-7 mm. long, 5-toothed; 



corolla reddish, about 1.5 cm. long, the helmet dark red, ab- 

 ruptly long-beaked, the lower lip spreading, deeply 3-lobed; 

 capsules nearly elliptic, 8-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, mucro- 

 nate; seeds fusiform, about 2.5 mm. long, longitudinally 

 striate and cross-lined. July-Sept. Alpine regions; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.) Sakhalin and s. 



Kuriles. The typical phase occurs in n. Kuriles, Kamchatka, 



and the Aleutians. 



5. Fedicularis verticillata L. P. amoena sensu auct. Ja- 



pon., non Adams Takane-shiogama. Monocarpic densely 



pubescent herb; stems 5-15 cm. long, simple or somewhat 

 branched at the base; leaves cauline, verticillate in 4's (2's to 

 6's), narrowly oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-3 cm. long, 5-10 mm. 

 wide, obtuse, petiolate, pinnately parted to divided, the pinnae 

 5 to 7 pairs, oblong, toothed; spikes terminal, solitary, head- 

 like or very short, densely flowered, 2-5 cm. long, the bracts 

 longer than the calyx, deltoid, pinnately or palmately lobed or 

 cleft, cuneate at base; calyx membranous, 3-5 mm. long at 

 anthesis, to 8 mm. long in fruit, split to the middle in front, 

 with 10 darker colored nerves, the 5 deltoid teeth minute; 

 corolla red, about 1.5 cm. long, the helmet declined, rounded 

 at apex, entire, the lower lip ascending, 3-lobed; capsules 

 oblique to nearly horizontally spreading, about 15 mm. long; 



seeds about 3 mm. long, reticulate, with elliptic areolae. 



July-Aug. Alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.). 

 n. Kuriles and Korea to Europe, and N. America. 



6. Fedicularis refracta (Maxim.) Maxim. P. verticillata 



var. refracta Maxim. Tsukushi-shiogama. Plant rather 



prominently whitish crispate-pubescent; stems erect, tufted or 

 solitary, 20-40 cm. long, simple or branched at base; leaves 

 verticillate in 4's, narrowly oblong to narrowly ovate, the 

 basal ones long-petiolate, the cauline short-petiolate, 3-5 cm. 

 long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, pinnately parted or divided, the 

 segments of several pairs, oblong, deeply toothed; spikes 10-20 

 cm. long in fruit, the bracts as long as the calyx or longer, 

 broadly lanceolate, pinnately lobed; calyx 5-8 mm. long, shal- 

 lowly split in front, with 10 cross-lined ribs, deltoid-toothed on 

 the back at apex; corolla about 2 cm. long, red; anthers of 

 lower and upper pairs contiguous; capsules horizontally 

 spreading or slightly deflexed, broadly deltoid-lanceolate, about 



1.5 cm. long. May. Meadows in mountains; Kyushu 



(centr. distr.). 



7. Fedicularis spicata Pall. Hozaki-shiogama. Mono- 

 carpic herb, prominently whitish pubescent throughout, espe- 

 cially on the spikes; stems simple or somewhat tufted, often 

 short-branched in upper part; radical leaves withering before 

 anthesis, the median cauline ones short-petiolate, usually vertic- 

 illate in 4's, lanceolate or deltoid-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 

 about 1 cm. wide, subobtuse, pinnately cleft to parted, the 

 segments serrulate; spikes rather densely flowered, the bracts 

 leaflike, shallowly lobed, shorter than to as long as the flowers, 

 longer than the calyx, the upper bracts broadly ovate, smaller; 

 calyx 3^ mm. long, undulate-toothed; corolla red, 1-1.5 cm. 

 long, the helmet short, declined, rounded and entire at apex, 

 the lower lip obliquely spreading, 3-lobed; capsules suberect, 



6-8 mm. long, obliquely ovate. July-Sept. Naturalized in 



Hokkaido (Tokachi Prov.). ^Korea, Manchuria, e. Siberia, 



and n. China. 



8. Fedicularis apodochila Maxim. P. rubens var. ja- 

 ponica Maxim. Miyama-shiogama. Stems 5-15 cm. long, 



rather stout, leafless or 1- or 2-leaved; basal leaves rather 

 many, rosulate, narrowly ovate to ovate-oblong, 4-8 cm. long. 



I 



