812 Orobanchaceae; Gesneriaceae 



5. PHACELLANTHUS Sieb. & Zucc. Kiyosumi-utsubo Zoku 



Glabrous saprophytes without chlorophyll; stems short, simple; leaves scalelike; flowers solitary in axils of bracts, very short- 

 pedicelled, in short dense spikes; bracteoles absent; calyx of 2(or 3) separate, sometimes much-reduced sepals; corolla ascending, 

 tubular, slightly ampliate, deeply 2-lobed, the upper lip broad, erect, entire, the lower lip short, ascending, 3-lobed, glabrous; 

 stamens usually 4, not exserted, the anther locules parallel, without appendages; ovary 2- to 4-lobed, the placentae 4(-10) ; stigma 

 thick, densely papillose; capsules ovoid. A single species, in e. Asia. 



1. Phacellanthus tubiflorus Sieb. & Zucc. P. continen- like spike, white, changing to yellow in age, ascending to 



talis Komar.; Tienmuia triandra Hu Kiyosumi-utsubo. erect, very short-pedicellate; sepals usually 2, linear or filiform. 



Plant white or pale yellowish, glabrous; stems rather thick, 1-2 cm. long, lateral, free, sometimes partly or wholly absent; 



5-10 cm. long; scales ovate or elliptic, 4-8 mm. long, obtuse or corolla (2-) 2.5-3 cm. long, the tube rather narrow, the upper 



rounded at apex, more or less membranous on margins, erect lip 7-8 mm. long, flabellate-cuneate, sometimes refuse; capsules 



or suberect, the bracts oblong or narrowly ovate, sometimes about 1 cm. long, ellipsoid-ovoid. Apr.-July. Hokkaido, 



spathulate-oblong, 1-1. 5 (-2) cm. long, membranous or nearly Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Korea, China, Manchuria, Us- 



so, fragile; flowers about 10, in a terminal solitary short head- suri, and Sakhalin. 



Fam. 180. GESNERIACEAE Iwa-tabako Ka Gloxinia Family 



Herbs sometimes shrubs, rarely trees; leaves radical or opposite, equal or paired and unequal, sometimes one of the pair com- 

 pletely reduced and apparently alternate; flowers bisexual, usually zygomorphic, sometimes nearly actinomorphic, often showy; 

 calyx usually tubular, free or adnate to the ovary, the lobes valvatq, rarely imbricate in bud; corolla sometimes more or less 

 bilabiate or nearly regular, the limb usually oblique, the lobes imbricate with the dorsal lobe innermost in bud; stamens 2 or 4, 

 sometimes 5, the anthers usually paired, contiguous or connate, 2-locular, longitudinally split, the disk ringlike or only on one 

 side, sometimes divided; ovary superior or inferior, 1-1 ocular, with 2 parietal or intruded placentae; ovules many; fruit a capsule, 

 rarely a berry; seeds small, many. About 100 genera, with about 1,500 species, chiefly in the Tropics of both hemispheres. 



lA. Fruit a capsule. 



2 A. Corolla long-tubular, zygomorphic; fertile stamens 2; capsules linear. *" 



3A. Small shrubs with evergreen, ternate leaves; seeds caudate at each end 1. Lysionotus 



3B. Herbs vi'ith radical leaves (in ours) ; seeds with a minute obtuse point on each end 2. Opithandra 



2B. Corolla rotate, actinomorphic; fertile stamens 5; capsules lanceolate; leaves radical, large 3. Conandron 



IB. Fruit berrylike; fertile stamens 4; subshrubs or herbs with silky hairs; flowers small 4. Rhynchotechum 



1. LYSIONOTUS D. Don Shishin-ran Zoku 



Shrubs or subshrubs, often epiphytic; leaves coriaceous or membranous, cauline, ternate, evergreeen, entire or toothed; cymes 

 terminal and in upper axils, sometimes reduced to a single flower, the bracts small, caducous; calyx 5-parted, the segments 

 narrow, the 2 anterior ones connate; corolla purplish or violet, the tube elongate, straight, ampliate, the limb broadly bilabiate, 

 the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower one 3-lobed; fertile stamens 2, anterior, inserted above the middle on the tube, not exserted, the 

 filaments with a tooth at the apex longer than the anthers, the disc annular; style long, the stigmas 2, lamellate, short and 

 broad; placentae connate on the center with the ovules borne on the incurved margins; capsules elongate-linear, 4-valvate; seeds 

 linear, with a capillary appendage at each end. Few species, in e. Asia and the Himalayas. 



1. Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim. Shishin-ran. Small with a subtending caducous bract; sepals linear-lanceolate, 



epiphytic glabrous shrub, 5-20 cm. high; stems short, usually about 3 mm. long; corolla about 3 cm. long, pale rose-colored; 



simple, 2-3 mm. thick, pale grayish brown; leaves coriaceous, capsules pendulous, 4-8 cm. long; seeds minute, fusiform, with 



ternate, oblong-lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, evergreen, 8-15 a tail nearly as long as the body on each end. Epiphytic on 



mm. wide, subobtuse, acute at base, scattered mucronate- large trees in mountains; Honshu (Izu, Yamato, Oki Prov. 



toothed, with an impressed midrib above, the lateral nerves and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. Ryukyus (Amami- 



obscure, slighriy recurved on margin, the petioles 2-3 mm. oshima). 

 long; flowers solitary in axils, the pedicels about 1 cm. long, 



2. OPITHANDRA B. L. Burtt Iwagiri-so Zoku 



Acaulescent herb; leaves radical, petiolate, usually toothed; peduncles axillary, scapelike; flowers umbellate, pedicellate; 

 calyx 5-parted; corolla purple-violet, the tube elongate, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed; fertile 

 stamens 2, extrorse, not exserted, the filaments straight; anther-locules parallel. One species, in Japan. 



1. Opithandra primuloides (Miq.) B. L. Burtt. Chirita cm. wide, obtuse, cordate, grayish green, coarsely depressed- 



primuloides (Miq.) Ohwi; Boea primuloides Miq.; Didymo- deltoid and short mucronate-toothed, long-petiolate; inflores- 



carpus primuloides (Miq.) Maxim.; Oreocharis primuloides cence umbellate, about 10-flowered, the peduncles elongate, 



(Miq.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex C. B. Clarke Iwagiri-so. 10-20 cm. long, basal, in axils of the radical leaves, leafless, the 



Densely pubescent perennial; rhizomes short; leaves rather bracts broadly linear, 2-4 mm. long, the pedicels 2-3 cm. long, 



fleshy, radical, ovate, elliptic to orbicular, 4-10 cm. long, 3-7 slender; flowers horizontal; calyx 5-parted, 4-5 mm. long, the 



