RUBIACEAE 821 



ranged; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; corolla usually tubular, the lobes 4-10, contorted or imbricate in bud, sometimes valvate; 

 stamens as many as and alternate with the corolla-lobes; ovary 2- to several-locular, the placentae axile or apparently basal, or the 

 ovary rarely 1-locular with parietal placentae; ovules 1 to many in each locule; fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe; seeds usually 

 with endosperm. About 350 genera, with about 4,500 species, nearly cosmopolitan, especially abundant in the Tropics. 



lA. Ovary many-ovuled. 

 *■ 2A. Herbs or subshrubs. 



3A. Inflorescence a helicoid cyme (cinicinnus) ; capsules laterally flattened, obcordate I. Ophiorrhiza 



3B. Inflorescence in cymes or panicles; capsules not flattened, usually globose or hemispherical 2. Hedyotis 



2B. Woody plants. 



4A. Flowers in heads; fruit dry. 



5A. Bracteoles between the flowers scalelikc; unarmed erect trees or large shrubs 3. Adina 



5B. Bracteoles between the flnwers absent or minute; scandent shrubs or small trees with hooked spines at the nodes. . . 4. Uncaria 

 4B. Flowers solitary or in corymbose cymes; fruit a berry, often fleshy. 

 6A. Inflorescence terminal. 



7A. Corolla-lobes valvate in bud; one calyx-segment of some outer flowers becoming enlarged and petaloid 5. Mussaenda 



7B. Corolla-lobes contorted in bud; calyx-segments equal, not petaloid 6. Tarenna 



6B. Inflorescence or flowers axillary. 



S\. Ovary 2-locular; flowers usually in cymes or fascicles 7. Randia 



8B. Ovary 1-locular; flowers solitary in leaf-axils 8. Gardenia 



IB. Ovary with I ovule in each locule. 

 9A. Woody plants. 



1 OA. Flowers umbellate 9. Morinda 



lOB. Flowers solitary or fascicled, sometimes in cymes. 

 11 A. Fruit fleshy. 



1 2 A. Flowers in cymes 10. Psychotria 



12B. Flowers solitary or fascicled. 



13A. Flowers 5-merous; spines absent II. Lasianthiis 



13B. Flowers 4-merous; spines present 12. Damnacanthus 



1 IB. Fruit dry, capsular 13. Leplodermis 



9B. Herbaceous plants. 



14A. Stipules small, between the leaves. 



15A. Scandent herbs with much-elongate stems 14. Paedcria 



15B. Erect or decumbent herbs. 



I6A. Stems ascending to erect; leaves not evergreen; fruit dry 15. Pseudopyxis 



I6B. Stems long-creeping on the ground; leaves evergreen; fruit a berry 16. Mitchella 



I4B. Stipules relatively large, leaflike, with the aspect of verticillate leaves. 

 I7A. Corolla rotate. 



ISA. Fruit fleshy; flowers usually 5-merous 17. Rubia 



18B. Fruit dry; flowers usually 3- or 4-merous 18. Galium 



17B. Corolla infundibuliform, sometimes nearly campanulate 19. Aspertila 



1. OPHIORRHIZA L. Satsuma-in.\mori Zoku 



Erect or decumbent perennial herbs or subshrubs; leaves opposite, often unlike; stipules interperiolar, solitary or 2; flowers in 

 helicoid cymes, short-pedicelled, usually small, white, reddish, or greenish, often bracteolate; calyx-tube short, the lobes 5, small, 

 persistent; corolla infundibuliform or tubular, the lobes 5, valvate in bud; stamens 5, inserted at base of the throat, the disc an- 

 nular; ovary 2-locular; style long, the stigma 2-fid; ovules many; capsules rather flat, obcordate; seeds many, small, angled, the 

 endosperm fleshy. About 100 species, abundant in tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands, few in Australia and Japan. 



lA. Inflorescence with Imear bracts; flowers 1.5-2 cm. long, pedicelled; corolla-lobes white-pubescent inside 1.0. japonica 



IB. Inflorescence without bracts; flowers about 5 mm. long, nearly sessile; corolla-lobes densely ycllow-pubcrulous inside 2. O. ptimila 



1. Ophiorrhiza japonica Bl. Satsuma-inamori, Ki- in low mountains; Honshu (Awa and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 



DACHi-iNAMORi-so. Long-creeping perennial herb with brown- shu. Ryukyus, Formosa, and China. 



ish short crisped hairs; stems slender, erect, 10-20 cm. long, Var. tashiroi (Maxim.) Ohwi. O. tashiroi Maxim. 



simple; leaves narrowly ovate to narrowly oblong-ovate, 3-5 Nagaba-inamori-s6. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5-12 cm. 



cm. long, 1.5-2 cm. wide, often reddish when dried, acute or long, 1-2.5 cm. wide. Kyushu (Yakushima). 



subacuminate, acute at base, nearly glabrous above, pilose on 2. Ophiorrhiza pumila Champ. O. inflata Maxim.; O. 



the nerves beneath, die lateral nerves 7 or 8 pairs, the petioles pumila var. inflata (Maxim.) Masam. Chabo-inamori, 



1-3 cm. long; flowers few to more than 10, white, in a rather Yaeyamvv-inamori-so. Stems slightly branched and dccum- 



dense cyme, the peduncles 2-5 cm. long, the bracts linear, 3-7 bent at base, slender, 10-20 cm. long, with short yellowish 



mm. long, puberulent; corolla tubular; fruit depressed-obtri- puberulence especially toward the top; leaves broadly oblancco- 



angular, flattened, about 4 mm. long, about 1 cm. across at the late to narrowly oblong or rarely narrowly ovate, acute, puber- 



apex; seeds minute, elliptic, punctulate. Nov.-Apr. Woods ulent on ner\'cs beneath, the petioles 5-20 mm. long; cymes 



