RUBIACEAE 



terminal, densely yellow-puberulent, the peduncles to 10 cm. 

 long or sometimes absent; flowers about 10, subsessile, the 

 bracts and bracteoles absent; calyx-teeth minute; corolla about 

 5 nun. long; fruit flat, depressed, obtriangulate, about 3 mm. 



long, 6-8 mm. wide; seeds minute, puncticulate, obtusely 



angled. Kyushu (Yakushima); rather rare. Ryukyus, 



Formosa, and China. 



2. HEDYOTIS L. Futaba-mugura Zoku 



Herbs or shrubs, rarely scandent; leaves opposite or rarely verticillate, linear to ovate-orbicular; stipules often adnate to the 

 petiole and forming a short sheath; flowers usually white, small, in cymes or panicles; calyx-tube short, the lobes 4, short, per- 

 sistent; corolla rotate, infundibuliform, or hypocrateriform, sometimes campanulate, the lobes valvate in bud; ovary 2-locuIar; 

 style slender, the stigma shordy 2-lobed or entire; ovules many; fruit a capsule; seeds small, angled, globose, or planoconvex. 

 ^More than 200 species, chiefly in the tropics and the warmer regions, abundant in s. Asia. 



lA. Leaves linear to broadly so. 



2 A. Stipules short-toothed; leaves herbaceous; calyx-tube depressed-globose, with 4 obtuse shallow sinuses, the teeth separate in fruit, 



obliquely recurved 1 . H. diffusa 



2B. Stipules spinulose-toothed; leaves mostly coriaceous; calyx-tube ovoid -globose, nearly sessile, the teeth contiguous at base, erect. 



2. H. tenelliflora 

 IB. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowly oblong to elliptic, or broadly ovate. 



3A. Flowers (1— )3, pedicelled, terminal and in upper axils; leaves rather fleshy, oblanceolate to oblong 3. H. biflora var. parvijolia 



3B. Flowers more than 3, fascicled in leaf-axils, very short-pedicelled; leaves herbaceous or membranous, narrowly oblong to broadly 

 ovate. 



4A. Plant slighdy white-pubescent or nearly glabrous, black when dry; lateral nerves of leaves 4(-5) pairs 4. H. lindleyana 



4B. Plant prominendy pubescent with yellowish long hairs, yellow-green when dried; lateral nerves of leaves 3 pairs. 



5. H. chrysotrichtt 



1. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. H. diffusa var. longipes 

 Nakai; Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb.; O. angustifolia 



var. pedicellata Miq. Futaba-mugura. Annual, glabrous 



except the slighdy scabrous leaf margins; stems branched and 

 ascending from the base, 10-20 cm. long; leaves herbaceous, 

 linear, 1-3.5 cm. long, 1.5-3 mm. wide, 1-nerved, with a 

 minute awn at apex, slightly narrowed to a nearly sessile base; 

 flowers axillary, white, about 2 mm. across, sessile or on very 

 short pedicels to 3 mm. long; calyx-teeth acuminate, spreading, 

 about 1.5 mm. long; corolla 4-lobed, the lobes as long as the 

 tube; calyx-tube globose in fruit, about 5 mm. across; seeds 

 minute, many, angled. Sept.-Oct. Waste grounds, culti- 

 vated fields, and grassy slopes in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. ^Korea, Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and tropical 



Asia. 



2. Hedyotis tenelliflora Bl. H. angustifolia Cham. & 



Schltdl.; Oldenlandia tenelliflora (Bl.) O. Kuntze ^Ke-nioi- 



GUSA. Perennial, rather firm, glabrous, slightly scabrous on 

 leaf-margins; stems tufted, erect, slender, 10-30 cm. long, 

 sparsely branched, 4-angled; leaves broadly linear, 2-3 cm. 

 long, 2-3 mm. wide, short-awned at apex, obtuse and sub- 

 sessile at base, 1-nerved, the margins recurved; stipules short, 

 the linear lobes 2 or 3, 2-5 mm. long; flowers axillary, nearly 

 sessile; calyx-teeth erect, acuminate, 2-2.5 mm. long; corolla 

 white, about 2 mm. long; capsules ovoid-globose, about 3 mm. 



long, adnate to the calyx. July-Sept. Lowlands; Kyushu 



(Yakushima). Ryukyus, Formosa, s. China, Malaysia, and 



India. 



3. Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam. var. parvifolia Hook. 



& Arn. Oldenlandia crassifolia DC. Sonare-mugura. 



Rather fleshy glabrous perennial; stems tufted, branched, de- 

 cumbent or ascending at base, 5-20 cm. long; leaves oblong, 

 obovate, or broadly spathulate-oblanceolate, 1-2.5 cm. long, 

 7-12 mm. wide, rounded or very obtuse, narrowed to a petiole- 

 like base, 1-nerved, slightly recurved on margin, lustrous 

 above; stipules small, 2-toothed; flowers on upper part of 

 branches, in 1-3's, the pedicels 3-10 mm. long; calyx-teeth 

 short, broadly ovate-deltoid, erect, 1-1.5 mm. long; corolla 



white, 1.5-2 mm. long; calyx-tube in fruit depressed, obovoid- 

 globose, 4-5 mm. across, subtruncate; seeds minute, rather 



many, ovoid. Aug.-Nov. Rocks near seacoast; Honshu 



(Awa and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



China, Philippines, and India. 



4. Hedyotis lindleyana Hook. var. hirsuta (L. f.) Kara. 

 Oldenlandia hirsuta L. f.; H. hirsuta (L. f.) Spreng., non 



Lam.; O. japonica Miq.; H. japonica (Miq.) Masam. Ha- 



shikagusa. Annual, more or less whitish pubescent; stems 

 decumbent, elongate, branched; leaves herbaceous, ovate, 2—4 

 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute, rounded to broadly cuneate at 

 base, with 4(-5) pairs of ascending arcuate lateral nerves, the 

 petioles 5-15 mm. long; stipules semirounded, short, with 2-4 

 filiform lobes; flowers few in leaf -axils, sessile or short-pedi- 

 celled; calyx-teeth ovate, about 2 mm. long, obtuse, spreading, 

 recurved in fruit; corolla white, infundibuliform, with a nar- 

 row tube, 3-4 mm. long; calyx-tube depressed-globose in fruit, 

 about 4 mm across; seeds small, many, ovoid, minutely im- 



pressed-punctulate. Aug.-Oct. Woods and grassy places 



along streams in hills and low mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. China and Malaysia. 



Var. glabra (Honda) Hara. Oldenlandia hirsuta var. 

 glabra Honda; O. glabra (Honda) Honda, non O. Kuntze; 



O. hondae Hara O-hashikagusa. Plant larger, glabrate 



or slightly pubescent; leaves to 4.5 cm. long. Aug.-Oct. 



Woods in mountains (n. Kanto and n. distr. to Echigo Prov.). 



5. Hedyotis chrysotricha (Palib.) Merr. Anotis chryso- 

 tricha Palib.; Oldenlandia \iusiana Makino; O. chrysotricha 

 (Palib.) Chun Koban-mugura. Plant prominently yel- 

 lowish long soft pubescent; stems creeping; leaves oblong or 

 ovate, sometimes elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, acute, 

 sometimes minutely mucronate, rounded at base, with 3 pairs 

 of lateral nerves arising from the lower part, the petioles 1-3 

 mm. long; stipules with 1 or 2 filiform lobes; flowers few in 

 axils, the pedicels 3-6 mm. long; calyx-lobes broadly lanceo- 

 late, acuminate, 3-3.5 mm. long; corolla infundibuliform, 5-6 



mm. long, 4-fid, the lobes minutely papillose inside. June- 



Oct. Kyushu (w. distr.) . China. 



