RUBIACEAE 



829 



1. Pseudopyxis depressa Miq. P. longittiba Fr. & Sav. 



Inamor!-s6. Pubescent perennial herb, with slender 



creeping rhizomes; stems 5-10 cm. long, with 2 or 3 pairs of 

 leaves; leaves petiolate, ovate or deltoid-ovate, 2i-6 cm. long, 

 acute or subacute, truncate to rounded, sometimes shallowly 

 cordate, the lower leaves sometimes 1-2 cm. long; upper 2 

 pairs of leaves frequently appro.\imate and falsely verticillate; 

 calyx long-pubescent, tlie lobes narrowly deltoid in fruit, about 

 5 mm. long, acuminate and spine-tipped; corolla glabrous or 

 thinly puberulent, pale purple, about 2.5 cm. long, the lobes 

 half as long as the tube, ovate, about 7 mm. long; seeds about 



2.5 mm. long, with raised longitudinal lines. May-June. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu (centr. and s. distr.), Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. 



2. Pseudopyxis heterophylla (Miq.) Maxim. Oldcn- 

 landia heterophylla Miq.; Lysimachia quadriflora Petitm.; P. 



quadriftora (Petitm.) Koidz. Shirobana-inamori-so. 



Loosely pubescent perennial herb with slender woody rhi- 

 zomes; stems 15-30 cm. long, with 2 series of short hairs; 

 leaves 4-6 pairs, ovate or deltoid-ovate, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2.5 

 cm. wide, acute, broadly cuneate or sometimes nearly rounded 

 at base, the petioles 1-1.5 cm. long, the uppermost leaves ses- 

 sile; calyx-lobes obliquely spreading in fruit, ovate or broadly 

 elliptic, the lobes abrupdy acute, about 5 mm. long; corolla 

 white, 8-10 mm. long, glabrous; seeds broadly elliptic, about 

 2.5 mm. long, with raised slender longitudinal lines and hori- 

 zontal short striae. July-Aug. Honshu (centr. distr.). 



16. MITCHELXiA L. Tsuru-aridoshi Zoku 



Small creeping evergreen herbs; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, small, with minute stipules; flowers small, in pairs, axillary and 

 terminal, white, bracdess, on a short common peduncle; calyx short, the limb 3- to 6-toothed, persistent; corolla infundibuliform, 

 hairy on the throat inside, the limb 3- to 6-lobed, valvate in bud; ovary 4-Iocular; style slender, 4-fid; ovules 4, erect, anatropous; 

 fruit 4-stoned, the stones bony, each 1-seeded. Two species, one in e. Asia and the other in eastern N. America. 



1. Mitchella undulata Sieb. & Zucc. M. repens var. 

 undulata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Makino Tsuru-aridoshi. Gla- 

 brous evergreen deep green herb; stems slender, leafy, elongate, 

 much branched, creeping; leaves short-petioled, deltoid-ovate, 

 ovate or broadly so, 1-1.5 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, subacute 

 to obtuse, rounded at base, slightly undulate on margin; flow- 



ers sessile, in pairs on a short common peduncle; ovary con- 

 nate; corolla white, about 15 mm. long, the tube slender, 1.5-2 

 times as long as the lobes; fruit globose, red, about 8 mm. 



across. June. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. s. Korea. 



17. RUBIA L. Akane Zoku 



Herbs, sometimes woody at base; leaves apparendy in verticils of 4-8, very rarely opposite, stipulate; flowers small, usu- 

 ally 5-merous, in axillary and terminal cymes, the pedicels jointed with the calyx; calyx-teeth obscure; corolla rotate or subcam- 

 panulate, the lobes 4 or 5, valvate in bud; filaments short; ovary 2-locular or 1-locular by reduction, each locule with an erect 



amphitropous ovule; styles 2, free or connate, short, the stigma capitate; fruit fleshy, (1-) 2-locular, (l-)2-seeded. About 35 



species, in temperate to warmer regions of the N. Hemisphere, S. Africa, and S. America. 



lA. Leaves broadly lanceolate, gradually narrowed toward base, sessile or nearly so \. R. jesoensis 



IB. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, rounded to cordate at base, distinctly petiolate. 



2A. Stems erect, not retrorscly aculeolate 2. R. chinensis 



2B. Stems usually scandent, retrorsely aculeolate. 



3A. Leaves 4 in each verticil 3i. R. akane 



33. Leaves, at least on the main stems, 6(-12) in each verticil, but on the branches 4-6. 



4A. Leaves in 4's to 6's on main stems, cordate to ovate-cordate 4. R. hexaphylla 



4B. Leaves in 6's to lO's on main stems, ovate-oblong, shallowly cordate to rounded at base 5. R. cordifoUa var. pralensis 



1. Rubia jesoensis (Miq.) Miyabe & Miyake. Galium nearly erect; leaves thinly membranous, ovate or ovate-oblong, 

 jesoense Miq.; R. tatarica var. grandis F. Schmidt; R. grandis 6-10 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded to shal- 



(F. Schmidt) Komar. Akj\ne-mugura, O-akane. Rhi- lowly cordate at base, glabrous or nearly so, 5- to 7-nerved, the 



zomes slender, creeping; stems 40-80 cm. long, erect, usually petioles 1-2 cm. long; cymes sometimes paniculate, terminal 



simple, 4-angled, retrorsely aculeolate on angles; leaves in and in upper axils; flowers greenish white, on slender pedicels; 



verticils of 4's, lanceolate, 5-8 cm. long, 6-15 mm. wide, acumi- ovary glabrous; corolla 4- or 5-lobed, rotate, 3-4 mm. across; 



nate at both ends, retrorsely aculeolate on margin and on fruit globose, black when mature. May-July. Woods in 



nerves beneath, spreading pilosulous beneath, sessile or nearly mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



so; cymes axillary, rather many-flowered, slightly shorter than Var. chinensis. Mansen-6-kinuta-s6. Plant prominently 



to as long as the leaves, peduncled, 15-25 mm. across; flowers pilose. Honshu (centr. distr.). Korea, Manchuria, N. 



small, whitish; ovary smooth; corolla rotate, 3-4 mm. across; China, and Amur regions. 



fruit globose. June-July. Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and Ho- 3. Rubia akane Nakai. R. cordijoUa sensu auct. Japon., 



kuriku distr.). s. Kurilcs, Sakhalin, Korea, and Ussuri. non L.; R. cordata var. mungista Miq., excl. syn.; R. cordata 



2. Rubia chinensis Kegel & Maack var. glabrescens var. laxa Nakai Akane. Perennial herb with much- 



(Nakai) Kitag. (?) R. mills Miq.; R. mitis forma glabres- branched yellowish rhizomes; stems much branched, elongate, 



cens Nakai; R. pediccllata Nakai 0-kinuta-s6. Smooth 4-angled, retrorsely aculeolate on die angles; leaves in verticils 



perennial herb with slender creeping rhizomes; stems simple, of 4's, petiolate, ovate to ovate-cordate, 3-7 cm. long, 1-3 cm. 



