832 



RUBIACEAE 



pedicellate, with hooked prickles. July-Aug. Damp conif- 

 erous woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. Korea, China, Manchuria, and e. Siberia. 



10. Galium yakusimense Masam. Yakushima-mugura. 

 Delicate perennial; stems 5-10 cm. long, smooth, with few 

 whorls of leaves; leaves in verticils of 4's, rather unequal in a 

 whorl, narrowly obovate or obovate-oblong, 6-10 (-12) mm. 

 long, 2-3 mm. wide, acute, minutely awn-tipped, narrowed at 

 base, subsessile, deep green, loosely strigose on margins and on 

 midrib beneath; cymes few-flowered, the pedicels rather slen- 

 der, 2-5 mm. long; fruit puberulent. Aug.-Oct. Kyushu 



(Yakushima) ; rare. 



11. Galium niewerthii Fr. & Sav. Yabu-mugura. Per- 

 ennial; stems elongate, slender, smooth, 4-angled, 50-70 cm. 

 long; leaves in verticils of 4's or 5's, narrowly obovate to ob- 

 long, l-1.5(-2) cm. long, abruptly cuspidate, acute at base, 

 loosely strigose on margin, on upper side toward margin, and 

 on under side; inflorescence axillary, loosely few-flowered, the 

 pedicels much longer than the fruit, the bracts 2 (-3); fruitiets 

 oblong, glabrous. Aug. Honshu (Kanto Distr.). 



12. Galium kilcumugura Ohwi. G. brachypodion Max- 

 im., non Jord. Kiku-mugura. Perennial; stems much 



elongate, smooth, 30-50 cm. long; leaves membranous, vivid 

 green when dry, narrowly ovate or oblong, 1-1.5 (-2.5) cm. 

 long, 5-8 mm. wide, rounded to obtuse, mucronate, thinly 

 strigose on margin and on upper surface near the margin; 

 cymes terminal and axillary, few-flowered, on rather long, 

 slender peduncles, the pedicels unequal, 1-5 mm. long, shorter 

 than the fruit, the bracts solitary; flowers white, sometimes 

 bracteate at base; fruitiets oblong, rather densely pilosulous. 

 May-June. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



13. Galium trachyspermum A. Gray. G. gracile sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Bunge; G. bungei var. trachyspermum (A. 



Gray) Cufodontis Yotsuba-mugura. Delicate nearly erect 



perennial; stems slender, 4-angled, glabrous or nearly so, 30-50 

 cm. long; leaves verticillate in 4's, ovate-oblong, elliptic, or 

 ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, obtuse or subacute, 

 rounded at base, with spreading whitish hairs on margin and 

 on lower surface; cymes axillary, densely about 10-flowered, 

 the pedicels 1-3 mm. long; flowers small, pale yellowish green; 



fruit relatively small, densely warty. May-June. Thickets 



in hills and low elevations in the mountains; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea and China. Forma his- 



pidum (Matsuda) Ohwi. G. gracile forma hispidum Ma- 



tsuda Ke-yotsuba-mugura. With prominent white hairs 



throughout. Occurs with the typical phase. 



Var. nudicarpum Honda. Ke-nashi-yotsuba-mugura. 

 Fruitiets smooth or nearly so. Occurs with the typical phase. 



14. Galium gracilens (A. Gray) Makino. G. trachy- 

 spermum var. gracilens A. Gray Hime-yotsdba-mugura. 



Resembles the preceding; stems 30-40 cm. long; leaves in verti- 

 cils of 4's, oblong-linear or linear-lanceolate, 6-12 mm. long, 

 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, obtuse at both ends, with spreading white 

 hairs on margin and on midrib; cymes rather small, loosely 

 flowered, the pedicels slender; flowers relatively small, pale 



green; fruit rather small, densely warty. May-June. Hills 



and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, For- 

 mosa, China, and Korea. 



15. Galium pogonanthum Fr. & Sav. G. trachy- 

 sperm-um var. setuliflorum A. Gray; G. setuliftorum (A. Gray) 



Makino Yama-muguka. Resembles species Nos. 13 and 



14, but slightly larger; stems 30-50 cm. long, slender, glabrous; 



leaves in verticils of 4's, broadly linear or oblong-lanceolate, 

 1.5-2.5(-3) cm. long, 2-3.5 mm. wide, acute, narrowed to the 

 base, slightly scabrous on margin and on midrib beneath; 

 cymes terminal or nearly so, trichotomously branched, few- 

 flowered, the pedicels 3-10 mm. long; flowers pale green, the 

 corolla-lobes usually with few simple long hairs externally; 



fruit densely warty. May-June. Woods and thickets in 



mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea. Forma 



trichopetalum (Nakai) Ohwi. G. trichopetalum Nakai 



Oyama-mugura. Stems spreading-pilose. Forma nudi- 



florum (Makino) Ohwi. G. setuliflorum var. nudiflorum 

 Makino. Ke-nashi-yama-mugura. Corolla glabrous. 



16. Galium kamtschaticum Steller ex Roem. & Schult. 



G. obovatum sensu auct. Japon., non H.B.K. Ezo-no- 



YoTsuBA-MUGURA. Small perennial 5-15 cm. high; stems 

 smooth, glabrous, weak; leaves thinly membranous, in verticils 

 of 4's, elliptic to broadly so, sometimes obovate-elliptic or ob- 

 long, 1-2.5 cm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, rounded and mucron- 

 ulate-tipped, 3-nerved, rather long coarse-hairy on margins and 

 upper surface; cymes nearly terminal, trichotomously branched, 

 few- to about 10-flowered; flowers pale yellow-green, the pedi- 

 cels spreading, rather thick; fruit densely hooked-prickly. 



July-Aug. Damp coniferous woods in mountains; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). Forma intermedium Ta- 



keda. Ke-nashi-Ezo-no-yotsuba-mugura. Plant short-hairy. 

 Occurs with the typical phase. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Ko- 

 rea, Ussuri, Kamchatka, and N. America. 



Var. acutifolium Hara. G. \amtschaticum var. oreganum 



sensu auct. Japon., non Piper Oba-no-yotsuba-mugura. 



Plant slightly larger; stems 15-30 cm. long; leaves oblong, nar- 

 rowly obovate, or elliptic, 2-3.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse 

 and mucronate or subacute. Damp coniferous woods; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku. Kuriles and Sakhalin. 



17. Galium boreale L. var. kamtschaticum Maxim. G. 

 boreale var. ciliatum Nakai; G. boreale var. genuinum sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Gren. & Godr. Ezo-kinuta-so. Peren- 

 nial; stems rather firm, erect, 20-30 cm. long, often branched, 

 puberulent; leaves in verticils of 4's, lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 

 1.5-3 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate with an 

 obtuse tip, 3-nerved, puberulent above, on margin, and on the 

 nerves beneath; inflorescence a terminal densely flowered pani- 

 cle, the pedicels very short; flowers white; fruitiets soft-pubes- 

 cent. July-Aug. Hokkaido. Sakhalin, Kuriles, and 



Kamchatka. The typical phase is widely spread throughout the 

 cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



18. Galium kinuta Nakai & Hara. G. boreale var. ]a- 

 ponicum Maxim.; G. japonicum (Maxim.) Makino & Nakai 



(1908), non Makino (1903) Kinuta-so. Perennial; 



stems erect, glabrous, purplish, simple, 40-50 cm. long, with 

 several whorls of leaves; leaves chartaceous, in verticils of 4's, 

 ovate to narrowly so, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, gradually 

 acuminate, 3 (-5) -nerved, short-strigose on margin and on up- 

 per surface, especially on the nerves; inflorescence loosely 

 flowered, in a terminal ratlier large panicle, with slender long 

 branches and pedicels; flowers many, rather loosely arranged, 



white; fruidets glabrous. July-Aug. Mountains; Honshu, 



Shikoku; rather variable. ^Forma bracteatum (Nakai) 



Hara. G. japonicum var. bracteatum Nakai Otogiri- 



KiNUTA-so. With broad bracts. Forma viridescens 



(Matsum. & Nakai) Hara. G. japonicum var. viridescens 



Matsum. & Nakai Ao-kinuta-s6. With green stems and 



inflorescence. 



