Rubiaceae; Caprifoliaceae 833 



19. Galium nakaii Kudo ex Hara. G. japonicum var. inflorescence terminal and in upper axils, 1-3 cm. long, much 



intermedium Nakai Miyama-kinuta-s6. Perennial; stems shorter than the leaves, 3- to 7-flowered; fruitlcts strigose, the 



erect, I5-25(-40) cm. long, glabrous, 4-angled; leaves in verti- hairs incurved. July-Aug. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu 



cils of 4's, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. (n. distr.). 

 wide, usually acute, 3-nerved, strigose on margin and nerves; 



19. ASPERULA L. Kurumaba-so Zoku 



Herbs; stems 4-angled; leaves in whorls, sometimes opposite in the upper ones; flowers small, white or reddish, the pedicels 

 jointed with the calyx; calyx 4-toothed or absent; corolla infundibuliform, rarely subcampanulate, the lobes 4, spreading, valvate 

 in bud stamens 4, on the throat, die filaments filiform; ovary 2-locular, with 1 ovule in each locule; styles 2, often connate at 



base; fruit dry or slightly fleshy, divided into 2 fruidets; seeds solitary in each fruitlet, adnate to the pericarp. About 80 



species, in Asia, Europe, and Australia. 



lA. Leaves in verticils of 6's to lO's, 2.5-4 cm. long; fruitlets with spreading long hooked prickles \. A. odorata 



IB. Leaves in verticils of 4's, 8—15 mm. long; fruitlets glabrous 2. A. trifida 



1. Asperula odorata L. Kurumaba-s6. Resembles 2. Asperula trifida Makino. Galium shi\ol{ianum Nakai 



Galium japonicum, deep green when dry; stems erect, simple, Usu-yuki-mugura. Slender green perennial; stems 20- 



with few whorls of leaves, 25-40 cm. long, 4-angled, glabrous; 30 cm. long, erect, glabrous, 4-angled; leaves in verticils of 4's, 

 leaves in verticils of 6's to lO's, narrowly oblong or oblong- ovate or narrowly so, 8-15 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide, obtuse, 

 lanceolate, 2.5-4 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, obtuse and mucro- sometimes minutely mucronate, strigose on margin and on 

 nate or acute, acute at base, strigose on margin and on midrib nerves beneath; cymes rather loose, on upper portion of the 

 beneath; cymes terminal, trichotomously branched, few- to stem, few- to many-flowered; flowers pedicelled, white, in- 

 many-flowered; flowers white, infundibuliform, 4-5 mm. fundibuliform, about 2.5 mm. across; fruit glabrous. June- 



across; fruidets with spreading long hooked prickles. June- Aug. Honshu (Tokaido Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 



July. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu. Korea, s. shu. 



Kuriles, Sakhalin, and Europe. 



Fam. 187. CAPRIFOLIACEAE Sui-kazura Ka Honeysuckle Family 



Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves opposite, simple, rarely pinnately compound; stipules small or more often absent; flowers bi- 

 sexual, acdnomorphic or zygomorphic, usually in cymes; calyx adnate to the ovary, 5-lobed or -toothed; corolla gamopetalous, 

 sometimes bilabiate, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens inserted on the corolla-tube and alternate with the lobes, the anthers 

 2-locular, longitudinally split; ovary 2- to 5-locular; style solitary, simple, terminal; fruit a berry or capsule; seeds with copious 

 endosperm. About 18 genera, with about 300 species, mainly in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Corolla usually rotate, small, actinomorphic; style very short or absent. 



2A. Leaves pinnately compound; fruit berrylikc, 3- to 5-seeded \. Sambucus 



2B. Leaves simple, rarely lobed or cleft; fruit a 1 -seeded drupe 2. Viburnum 



IB. Corolla tubular or campanulate, relatively large, sometimes zygomorphic; style elongate. 

 3A. Stamens 4. 



4A. Fruit narrowly oblong, the calyx-lobcs persistent, slighdy accrescent after anthesis; erect much-branched shrubs 3. Abelia 



4B. Fruit ovoid to ovoid-globose, the calyx-lobes deciduous; creeping subshrub 4. Linnaea 



3B. Stamens 5. 



5A. Herbs; ovules solitary in each locule; corolla gibbous 5. Triosteum 



5B. Shrubs. 



6A. Fruit a 2-valved capsule; seeds many; corolla nearly actinomorphic 6. Weigela 



6B. Fruit a berry; seeds few; corolla usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic 7. Lonicera 



1. SAMBUCUS L. NiwATOKo Zoku 



Small trees or shrubs, sometimes merely giant herbs with stout stems; leaves opposite, pinnately compound, the leaflets toothed, 

 the petioles sometimes with few discoid glands; flowers small, white, yellowish, or reddish, bracteolate, in large umbellate 

 corymbs; calyx-teeth 3 to 5; corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 3- to 5-lobed, the lobes imbricate, rarely valvate in bud; stamens 

 5, the anther-locules splitting on outer margin; ovary 3- to 5-locular; style short, 3-lobed; ovules solitary in each locule; drupe 

 berrylike, 3- to 5-seeded. About 30 species, in the temperate regions and mountains of the Tropics except S. Africa. 



lA. Large shrub without discoid glands on the paniculate inflorescence 1.5. sieboldiana 



IB. Large herb, rarely somewhat woody at base, with few large obconical glands on die corymbose inflorescence 2. 5. chinensis 



1. Sambucus sieboldiana Bl. ex Graebn. 5. racemosa 3-4 mm. across; fruit red, rarely yellow or orange-yellow, glo- 



var. sieboldiana Miq. NrwAxoKo. Large shrub with bose or ellipsoidal, about 4 mm. across; stones obsoletely ru- 



grayish yellow-brown lenticellate branchlets; leaves 12-30 cm. gose. Apr. Thickets and woods in hills and low elevations 



long, petiolate, the leaflets (5-)7, oblong or narrowly so, 4-12 in the mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common 



cm. long, toothed; panicles terminal, pyramidal, pedunculate, and variable. Korea. 



with minute warty tubercles on the branches; flowers white. 



