Valerianaceae; Dipsacaceae 845 



scorpioid, bracteate; flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants gynodioecious or polygamodioccious), white to pink; calyx initially 

 involute, epigynous, later spreading, much divided and usually plumose; corolla infundibuliform, subcampanulate, or rotate, the 

 tube gibbous or straight, the 5 lobes equal or subequal; stamens 3, rarely 4, the anthers included or exserted; achcnes 3-nerved 



on tlie back, 1-nerved on face. About 200 species, in the N. Hemisphere and S. America, few in the mountains of e. Africa, 1 



in S. Africa. 



IA. Stems rather stout, erect, 40-80 cm. long; leaves with deeply toothed segments, the lateral segments 2-5 cm. long; corolla 5-7 mm. 



long with a long tube; stamens and style long-exscrtcd 1. V. jatiriei 



IB. Stems slender, becoming decumbent, 20--10 cm. long; leaves with shallowly toothed segments, the lateral segments 1-2. 5(— 3) cm. long; 



corolla about 2 mm. long, with a short tube; stamens and style not exserted 2. V. flaccidissima 



1. Valeriana fauriei Briq. V. officinalis sensu auct. leiocarpa Miq. Tsuru-kanoko-so. Rhizomes short; 



Japon., non L.; V. officinalis var. angustijolia Miq.; V. offici- stolons very slender and elongate; stems soft, slender, de- 

 nalis var. latijolia Miq.; V. nipponica Nakai Kanoko-so. cumbent and flaccid after anthesis, 20-40 (-60) cm. long, short- 

 Rhizomes short; stolons slender; stems erect, rather stout, 40- pilose on the nodes; radical leaves and those of the stolons 

 80 cm. long, witli dense tuberclelike long white hairs on the broadly ovate, 1.5-4 cm. long, simple or 3-foliolate; cauline 

 nodes; radical leaves radier small, usually absent in anthesis; leaves of 2 or 3 pairs, petiolate or the upper sessile, 3-7(-9)- 

 cauline leaves pinnate, the segments 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to foliolate, short-pilose on margin, the terminal leaflets ovate or 

 oblanceolate, 2-5(-7) cm. long, 7-15(-25) mm. wide, coarsely narrowly so, 2-5 cm. long, the lateral ones mosdy ovate, 1-2 

 obtuse-toothed, sessile, with ascending minute papillae on (-3) cm. long, smaller, the lowest pair often stipulelike or 

 margin; inflorescence terminal, densely many-flowered, the auricled; inflorescence densely flowered, the bracts linear, 

 bracts linear; corolla 5-7 mm. long, rosy, with a slender long short; corolla white, sometimes pinkish, infundibuliform, 

 tube, gibbous, the lobes about 1/5 the whole length; stamens about 2 mm. long, obsoletely gibbous; stamens and style not 



long-cxserted; achenes lanceolate, about 4 mm. long. Moun- exserted; achenes 2-2.5 mm. long, broadly lanceolate. 



tains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. Apr.-June. Wet woods and thickets along streams and ra- 



Korea, Manchuria, Formosa, Sakhalin, and s. Kuriles. vines; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



2. Valeriana flaccidissima Maxim. V. hardivicl^ii var. 



Fam. 190. DIPSACACEAE Matsumushi-s6 Ka Teasel Family 



Herbs, rarely subshrubs; leaves opposite or verticillate; stipules absent; flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, usually in dense heads, 

 enveloped by an epicalyx; calyx cup-shaped, often lobed and divided into pappuslike segments; corolla gamopetalous, 4- or 5- 

 lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud; stamens usually 4, rarely 2 or 3, inserted near base of corolla-tube, alternate with the lobes, 

 the filaments free, the anthers 2-locular, longitudinally split; ovary 1-locular and 1-ovuled, inferior; style slender; seeds with a 

 straight embryo. About 9 genera, with about 160 species, indigenous of the Old World, abundant in the Mediterranean re- 

 gion, a few naturalized elsewhere. 



lA. Plant spiny or prickly, especially on the stem; heads globose or ellipsoidal; bracts of the receptacle and involucre spine-tipped. 



1 . Dipsacus 

 IB. Plant not spiny or prickly; heads depressed, subglobose to ovoid-conical; bracts of receptacle and involucre not spine-tipped. 



2. Scabiosa 



1. DIPSACUS Nabe-na Zoku 



Coarse spiny to prickly annuals, biennials, or perennials; leaves opposite, coarsely toodied, pinnately lobed, or divided; bracts 

 of the involucre and of the receptacle firm, spine-tipped; flowers blue or whitish, in dense globose or ellipsoidal heads; in- 

 volucel investing the ovary and achene 4-leaved; calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, die limb cup-shaped; corolla-limb nearly reg- 

 ularly 4-lobed; stamens 4; achenes more or less adnate to the involucel or free, 8-ribbed, usually crowned with the persistent 

 calyx-limb. About 12 species, in Europe, Asia, and n. Africa. 



1. Dipsacus japonicus Miq. Nabe-na. Course stout bose or broadly ellipsoidal, 2-3 cm. long, many-flowered, with 



prickly biennial; stems 1 m. long or longer, erect, branched, linear bracts 5-20 mm. long at base, the bracts on receptacles 



longitudinally striate, with scattered weak spines or prickles; cuneate, 5-8 mm. long, densely appressed-pubcrulcnt on back, 



leaves opposite, the lower simple to pinnately compound, the short spine-tipped; corolla rose-purple, 5-6 mm. long; achenes 



segments oblong-ovate, rhombic-ovate, or ovate, 6-15 cm. about 6 mm. long, cuneate-oblong, pubcrulcnt on upper half. 



long, acutely toothed, wingcd-petiolate, the upper leaves Aug.-Oct. Mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



smaller, sessile, usually simple; heads pedunculate, strict, glc^- Korea, China, and Manchuria. 



2. SCABIOSA L. Matsumushi-s6 Zoku 



Pubescent or sometimes nearly glabrous herbs, sometimes woody at the base; leaves entire or toothed to pinnate; heads de- 

 pressed globose to ovoid-conical, many-flowered, usually pedunculate; involucral bracts 1- or 2-scriate; bracts on receptacles linear, 

 small or absent; involuccls adnate at base to the achene, the expanded portion cuplike, 2- to 4(-8)-ribbed, toothed on the margin; 

 corolla-limb 4- or 5-lobcd, usually blue, sometimes white; stamens 4 or 2; style slender; achenes adnate about half way to the 

 involucel, crowned witii the calyx-tcelh. About 60 species, in Europe, Africa, Asia, abundant in the Mediterranean region. 



